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Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has become a common strategy for updating large language model (LLM) responses with current, external information. However, models may still rely on memorized training data, bypass the retrieved…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Le Vu Anh , Nguyen Viet Anh , Mehmet Dik , Luong Van Nghia

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems face significant performance gaps when applied to technical domains requiring precise information extraction from complex documents. Current evaluation methodologies relying on document-level…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Aryan Jadon , Avinash Patil , Shashank Kumar

We present DynaRAG, a retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) framework designed to handle both static and time-sensitive information needs through dynamic knowledge integration. Unlike traditional RAG pipelines that rely solely on static…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Penghao Liang , Mengwei Yuan , Jianan Liu , Jing Yang , Xianyou Li , Weiran Yan , Yichao Wu

By leveraging a dual encoder architecture, Dense Passage Retrieval (DPR) has outperformed traditional sparse retrieval algorithms such as BM25 in terms of passage retrieval accuracy. Recently proposed methods have further enhanced DPR's…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Shuai Chang

Retrieval-augmented Generation (RAG) has primarily been studied in limited settings, such as factoid question answering; more challenging, reasoning-intensive benchmarks have seen limited success from minimal RAG. In this work, we challenge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Xinxi Lyu , Michael Duan , Rulin Shao , Pang Wei Koh , Sewon Min

Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly improved complex reasoning capabilities. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has further extended these capabilities by grounding generation in dynamically retrieved…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Jash Rajesh Parekh , Pengcheng Jiang , Jiawei Han

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is widely used to ground large language models in external knowledge sources. However, when applied to heterogeneous corpora and multi-step queries, Naive RAG pipelines often degrade in quality due to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Valeriy Kovalskiy , Nikita Belov , Nikita Miteyko , Igor Reshetnikov , Max Maximov

Passage retrieval and ranking is a key task in open-domain question answering and information retrieval. Current effective approaches mostly rely on pre-trained deep language model-based retrievers and rankers. These methods have been shown…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-09-14 Shengyao Zhuang , Guido Zuccon

In the rapidly evolving field of data science, efficiently navigating the expansive body of academic literature is crucial for informed decision-making and innovation. This paper presents an enhanced Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG)…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Ahmet Yasin Aytar , Kemal Kilic , Kamer Kaya

Agentic Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) empowers large language models to autonomously plan and retrieve information for complex problem-solving. However, the development of robust agents is hindered by the scarcity of high-quality…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Zhengwei Tao , Bo Li , Jialong Wu , Guochen Yan , Huanyao Zhang , Jiahao Xu , Haitao Mi , Wentao Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have made query reformulation ubiquitous in modern retrieval and Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) pipelines, enabling the generation of multiple semantically equivalent query variants. However, executing the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Negar Arabzadeh , Andrew Drozdov , Michael Bendersky , Matei Zaharia

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) utilizes external knowledge to augment Large Language Models' (LLMs) reliability. For flexibility, agentic RAG employs autonomous, multi-round retrieval and reasoning to resolve queries. Although recent…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Chao Zhang , Yuhao Wang , Derong Xu , Haoxin Zhang , Yuanjie Lyu , Yuhao Chen , Shuochen Liu , Tong Xu , Xiangyu Zhao , Yan Gao , Yao Hu , Enhong Chen

Many discriminative natural language understanding (NLU) tasks have large label spaces. Learning such a process of large-space decision making is particularly challenging due to the lack of training instances per label and the difficulty of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Nan Xu , Fei Wang , Mingtao Dong , Muhao Chen

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG), which combines large language models (LLMs) with retrievals from external knowledge databases, is emerging as a popular approach for reliable LLM serving. However, efficient RAG serving remains an open…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Wenqi Jiang , Suvinay Subramanian , Cat Graves , Gustavo Alonso , Amir Yazdanbakhsh , Vidushi Dadu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been integrated into recommender systems to enhance user behavior comprehension. The Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) technique is further incorporated into these systems to retrieve more relevant items…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Sichun Luo , Jian Xu , Xiaojie Zhang , Linrong Wang , Sicong Liu , Hanxu Hou , Linqi Song

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as a standard framework for knowledge-intensive NLP tasks, combining large language models (LLMs) with document retrieval from external corpora. Despite its widespread use, most RAG pipelines…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Mandeep Rathee , V Venktesh , Sean MacAvaney , Avishek Anand

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enables Large Language Models (LLMs) to extend their existing knowledge by dynamically incorporating external information. However, practical deployment is fundamentally constrained by the LLM's finite…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Jiarui Guo , Yuemeng Xu , Zongwei Lv , Yangyujia Wang , Xiaolin Wang , Kan Liu , Tao Lan , Lin Qu , Tong Yang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems typically rely on a single fixed retriever, despite growing evidence that no single retriever performs optimally across all query types. In this paper, we explore a query routing approach that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 To Eun Kim , Fernando Diaz

Generative models have proven to be an outstanding tool for representing high-dimensional probability distributions and generating realistic-looking images. An essential characteristic of generative models is their ability to produce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-26 Mohamed Elfeki , Camille Couprie , Morgane Riviere , Mohamed Elhoseiny

The retrieval augmented generation (RAG) framework addresses an ambiguity in user queries in QA systems by retrieving passages that cover all plausible interpretations and generating comprehensive responses based on the passages. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Yeonjun In , Sungchul Kim , Ryan A. Rossi , Md Mehrab Tanjim , Tong Yu , Ritwik Sinha , Chanyoung Park