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In Continual Learning (CL), a neural network is trained on a stream of data whose distribution changes over time. In this context, the main problem is how to learn new information without forgetting old knowledge (i.e., Catastrophic…

Personalization methods in federated learning aim to balance the benefits of federated and local training for data availability, communication cost, and robustness to client heterogeneity. Approaches that require clients to communicate all…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-28 Karan Singhal , Hakim Sidahmed , Zachary Garrett , Shanshan Wu , Keith Rush , Sushant Prakash

Federated Learning (FL), a privacy-preserving machine learning framework, faces significant data-related challenges. For example, the lack of suitable public datasets leads to ineffective information exchange, especially in heterogeneous…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Xi Li , Chen Wu , Jiaqi Wang

Multi-Model Federated Learning (MMFL) is an emerging direction in Federated Learning (FL) where multiple models are trained in parallel, generally on various datasets. Optimizing the models' accuracies and training times in the MMFL setting…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Shouxu Lin , Zimeng Pan , Yuhang Yao , Haeyoung Noh , Pei Zhang , Carlee Joe-Wong

The conventional cloud-based large model learning framework is increasingly constrained by latency, cost, personalization, and privacy concerns. In this survey, we explore an emerging paradigm: collaborative learning between on-device small…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Chaoyue Niu , Yucheng Ding , Junhui Lu , Zhengxiang Huang , Hang Zeng , Yutong Dai , Xuezhen Tu , Chengfei Lv , Fan Wu , Guihai Chen

Federated learning (FL) is an emerging distributed machine learning paradigm that enables collaborative training of machine learning models over decentralized devices without exposing their local data. One of the major challenges in FL is…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Md Sirajul Islam , Simin Javaherian , Fei Xu , Xu Yuan , Li Chen , Nian-Feng Tzeng

We study collaborative machine learning (ML) across wireless devices, each with its own local dataset. Offloading these datasets to a cloud or an edge server to implement powerful ML solutions is often not feasible due to latency, bandwidth…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-06 Mehdi Salehi Heydar Abad , Emre Ozfatura , Deniz Gunduz , Ozgur Ercetin

Trained on massive publicly available data, large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated tremendous success across various fields. While more data contributes to better performance, a disconcerting reality is that high-quality public data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Rui Ye , Wenhao Wang , Jingyi Chai , Dihan Li , Zexi Li , Yinda Xu , Yaxin Du , Yanfeng Wang , Siheng Chen

Nowadays, real-world applications often face streaming data, which requires the learning system to absorb new knowledge as data evolves. Continual Learning (CL) aims to achieve this goal and meanwhile overcome the catastrophic forgetting of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-24 Da-Wei Zhou , Hai-Long Sun , Jingyi Ning , Han-Jia Ye , De-Chuan Zhan

Federated continual learning (FCL) has received increasing attention due to its potential in handling real-world streaming data, characterized by evolving data distributions and varying client classes over time. The constraints of storage…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Dezhong Yao , Sanmu Li , Yutong Dai , Zhiqiang Xu , Shengshan Hu , Peilin Zhao , Lichao Sun

General-purpose learning systems should improve themselves in open-ended fashion in ever-changing environments. Conventional learning algorithms for neural networks, however, suffer from catastrophic forgetting (CF), i.e., previously…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Kazuki Irie , Róbert Csordás , Jürgen Schmidhuber

Federated Learning (FL) is commonly used in systems with distributed and heterogeneous devices with access to varying amounts of data and diverse computing and storage capacities. FL training process enables such devices to update the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Zeyneddin Oz , Ceylan Soygul Oz , Abdollah Malekjafarian , Nima Afraz , Fatemeh Golpayegani

Federated Learning (FL) is a very promising approach for improving decentralized Machine Learning (ML) models by exchanging knowledge between participating clients without revealing private data. Nevertheless, FL is still not tailored to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-05-15 Thomas Hiessl , Daniel Schall , Jana Kemnitz , Stefan Schulte

The heterogeneity of hardware and data is a well-known and studied problem in the community of Federated Learning (FL) as running under heterogeneous settings. Recently, custom-size client models trained with Knowledge Distillation (KD) has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Hongrui Shi , Valentin Radu , Po Yang

Foundational Vision-Language Models (VLMs) excel across diverse tasks, but adapting them to new domains without forgetting prior knowledge remains a critical challenge. Continual Learning (CL) addresses this challenge by enabling models to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Vaibhav Singh , Rahaf Aljundi , Eugene Belilovsky

Existing work on continual learning (CL) is primarily devoted to developing algorithms for models trained from scratch. Despite their encouraging performance on contrived benchmarks, these algorithms show dramatic performance drops in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Kuan-Ying Lee , Yuanyi Zhong , Yu-Xiong Wang

Federated learning (FL) has emerged as a promising paradigm for enabling the collaborative training of models without centralized access to the raw data on local devices. In the typical FL paradigm (e.g., FedAvg), model weights are sent to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Guangyu Sun , Umar Khalid , Matias Mendieta , Pu Wang , Chen Chen

Continual learning (CL) is a major challenge of machine learning (ML) and describes the ability to learn several tasks sequentially without catastrophic forgetting (CF). Recent works indicate that CL is a complex topic, even more so when…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-09 Benedikt Bagus , Alexander Gepperth

Federated Learning (FL) is a machine learning paradigm in which many clients cooperatively train a single centralized model while keeping their data private and decentralized. FL is commonly used in edge computing, which involves placing…

Foundation models (FM) have demonstrated remarkable performance across a wide range of tasks (especially in the fields of natural language processing and computer vision), primarily attributed to their ability to comprehend instructions and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Hongling Zheng , Li Shen , Anke Tang , Yong Luo , Han Hu , Bo Du , Yonggang Wen , Dacheng Tao