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We investigate how feature selection algorithms can enable accurate, reference-free classification of materials using sparse-frequency terahertz (THz) reflection spectroscopy. Three classes of feature selection strategies are evaluated.…

Applied Physics · Physics 2026-03-03 Mathias Hedegaard Kristensen , Paweł Piotr Cielecki , Esben Skovsen

We present the results of a study aiming at retrieving the fundamental parameters of M dwarfs from spectra secured with SPIRou, the near-infrared high-resolution spectropolarimeter installed at the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (CFHT), in…

We have calculated a grid of more than 700 model atmospheres valid for a wide range of parameters encompassing the coolest known M~dwarfs, M~subdwarfs and brown dwarf candidates: $1500\le \teff \le 4000\,$K, $3.5\le \log(g)\le 5.5$, and…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-28 France Allard , Peter H. Hauschildt

Recent developments in applied mathematics increasingly employ machine learning (ML)-particularly supervised learning-to accelerate numerical computations, such as solving nonlinear partial differential equations. In this work, we extend…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2025-09-03 V. R. Tjahjono , S. F. Feng , E. R. M. Putri , H. Susanto

Mid-infrared data, including Spitzer warm-IRAC [3.6] and [4.5] photometry, is critical for understanding the cold population of brown dwarfs now being found, objects which have more in common with planets than stars. As effective…

Despite their large number in the Galaxy, M dwarfs remain elusive objects and the modeling of their photospheres has long remained a challenge (molecular opacities, dust cloud formation). Our objectives are to validate the BT-Settl model…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-15 A. S. Rajpurohit , C. Reylé , F. Allard , D. Homeier , M. Schultheis , M. S. Bessell , A. C. Robin

Low-mass objects are ubiquitous in our Galaxy. Their low temperature provides them with complex atmospheres characterised by the presence of strong molecular absorption bands which, together with their faintness, have made their accurate…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-08-12 Pedro Mas-Buitrago

In this brief contribution, I touch on a subset of recent efforts in spectral and opacity modeling aimed at improving our understanding of brown dwarfs, L dwarfs, and T dwarfs. I discuss theoretical calculations of the alkali line profiles,…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Adam Burrows

We present a spectroscopic analysis of nearly 8000 late-type dwarfs in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. Using the Halpha emission line as an activity indicator, we investigate the fraction of active stars as a function of spectral type and…

We present $Spitzer$ IRS 5--14 $\mu$m spectra and 16 $\mu$m and 22 $\mu$m photometry of the T2.5 companion to the $\sim$300 Myr-old G0V star HN Peg. We incorporate previous 0.8--5 $\mu$m observations to obtain the most comprehensive…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2021-10-27 Genaro Suárez , Stanimir Metchev , Sandy K. Leggett , Didier Saumon , Mark S. Marley

(Abridged) Low-mass stars have been recognised as promising targets in the search for rocky, small planets with the potential of supporting life. Doppler search programmes using high-resolution spectrographs like HARPS or HARPS-N are…

M dwarfs are key targets for high-resolution spectroscopic analyses due to a high incidence of these stars in the solar neighbourhood and their importance as exoplanetary hosts. Several methodological challenges make such analyses…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2021-06-02 T. Olander , U. Heiter , O. Kochukhov

We present a machine learning search for local, low-mass galaxies ($z < 0.02$ and $10^6 M_\odot < M_* < 10^9 M_\odot$) using the combined photometric data from the DESI Imaging Legacy Surveys and the WISE survey. We introduce the spectrally…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-03-19 Huanian Zhang , Guangping Ye , Rongyu Wu , Dennis Zaritsky

Deep neural networks (DNNs) suffer from the spectral bias, wherein DNNs typically exhibit a tendency to prioritize the learning of lower-frequency components of a function, struggling to capture its high-frequency features. This paper is to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Ronglong Fang , Yuesheng Xu

Despite their ability to represent highly expressive functions, deep learning models seem to find simple solutions that generalize surprisingly well. Spectral bias -- the tendency of neural networks to prioritize learning low frequency…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-30 Sara Fridovich-Keil , Raphael Gontijo-Lopes , Rebecca Roelofs

We present new JHKL'M' photometry on the MKO system for a large sample of L and T dwarfs identified from SDSS and 2MASS and classified according to the scheme of Geballe et al. (2002). We have compiled a sample of 105 L and T dwarfs that…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 D. A. Golimowski , S. K. Leggett , M. S. Marley , X. Fan. T. R. Geballe , G. R. Knapp

I review the optical and near-infrared spectral characteristics of the extremely cool dwarfs grouped under the new classification of type L. These include both very low-mass stars and brown dwarfs, and we discuss the likely temperature…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 I. Neill Reid

We apply the capabilities of machine learning (ML) to discern patterns in order to classify metal-poor stars. To do so, we train an ML model on a bank of nucleosynthesis calculations derived from hydrodynamic simulations for events such as…

A search of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey spectroscopic database has turned up 23 new ultra-cool subdwarfs, low-mass metal-poor stars of spectral subtype M 7.0 or later. Spectra from these red objects all show very strong molecular bands of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Sebastien Lepine , Ralf-Dieter Scholz

We design a convolutional neural network (CNN) incorporating channel attention and spatial attention mechanisms to predict atmospheric parameters of hot subdwarfs. The experimental dataset comprises spectra at nine distinct signal-to-noise…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2026-01-06 Zhenxin Lei , Yangyang Dong , Bokai Kou , Mengqi Feng , Ke Hu , Yude Bu , Jingkun Zhao