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Graph neural networks (GNNs) are the predominant architecture for learning over graphs. As with any machine learning model, an important issue is the detection of attacks, where an adversary can change the output with a small perturbation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Chia-Hsuan Lu , Tony Tan , Michael Benedikt

Control Flow Graphs (CFGs) are critical for analyzing program execution and characterizing malware behavior. With the growing adoption of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), CFG-based representations have proven highly effective for malware…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Hossein Shokouhinejad , Griffin Higgins , Roozbeh Razavi-Far , Hesamodin Mohammadian , Ali A. Ghorbani

Since graph neural networks (GNNs) are often vulnerable to attack, we need to know when we can trust them. We develop a computationally effective approach towards providing robust certificates for message-passing neural networks (MPNNs)…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-05-22 Christopher Hojny , Shiqiang Zhang , Juan S. Campos , Ruth Misener

Machine learning models are highly vulnerable to label flipping, i.e., the adversarial modification (poisoning) of training labels to compromise performance. Thus, deriving robustness certificates is important to guarantee that test…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Mahalakshmi Sabanayagam , Lukas Gosch , Stephan Günnemann , Debarghya Ghoshdastidar

Recently, message-passing graph neural networks (MPNNs) have shown potential for solving combinatorial and continuous optimization problems due to their ability to capture variable-constraint interactions. While existing approaches leverage…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Chendi Qian , Christopher Morris

The adversarial robustness of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) has been questioned due to the false sense of security uncovered by strong adaptive attacks despite the existence of numerous defenses. In this work, we delve into the robustness…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Zhichao Hou , Ruiqi Feng , Tyler Derr , Xiaorui Liu

Complete verification of deep neural networks (DNNs) can exactly determine whether the DNN satisfies a desired trustworthy property (e.g., robustness, fairness) on an infinite set of inputs or not. Despite the tremendous progress to improve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Shubham Ugare , Debangshu Banerjee , Sasa Misailovic , Gagandeep Singh

Deep learning methods for graphs achieve remarkable performance across a variety of domains. However, recent findings indicate that small, unnoticeable perturbations of graph structure can catastrophically reduce performance of even the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-29 Xiang Zhang , Marinka Zitnik

This paper addresses the challenging problem of retrieval and matching of graph structured objects, and makes two key contributions. First, we demonstrate how Graph Neural Networks (GNN), which have emerged as an effective model for various…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-14 Yujia Li , Chenjie Gu , Thomas Dullien , Oriol Vinyals , Pushmeet Kohli

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have demonstrated commendable performance for graph-structured data. Yet, GNNs are often vulnerable to adversarial structural attacks as embedding generation relies on graph topology. Existing efforts are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Xing Ai , Guanyu Zhu , Yulin Zhu , Yu Zheng , Gaolei Li , Jianhua Li , Kai Zhou

In recent years, graph neural networks (GNNs) have become a popular tool for solving various problems over graphs. In these models, the link structure of the graph is typically exploited and nodes' embeddings are iteratively updated based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Fatemeh Gholamzadeh Nasrabadi , AmirHossein Kashani , Pegah Zahedi , Mostafa Haghir Chehreghani

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have made significant advances on several fundamental inference tasks. As a result, there is a surge of interest in using these models for making potentially important decisions in high-regret applications.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-26 Kaidi Xu , Sijia Liu , Pin-Yu Chen , Mengshu Sun , Caiwen Ding , Bhavya Kailkhura , Xue Lin

Benefiting from the message passing mechanism, Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have been successful on flourish tasks over graph data. However, recent studies have shown that attackers can catastrophically degrade the performance of GNNs by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-24 Kuan Li , Yang Liu , Xiang Ao , Jianfeng Chi , Jinghua Feng , Hao Yang , Qing He

Vulnerability detection is crucial for ensuring the security and reliability of software systems. Recently, Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have emerged as a prominent code embedding approach for vulnerability detection, owing to their ability…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Zhaoyang Chu , Yao Wan , Qian Li , Yang Wu , Hongyu Zhang , Yulei Sui , Guandong Xu , Hai Jin

The ability to compute similarity scores between graphs based on metrics such as Graph Edit Distance (GED) is important in many real-world applications. Computing exact GED values is typically an NP-hard problem and traditional algorithms…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-18 Haoyan Xu , Runjian Chen , Yueyang Wang , Ziheng Duan , Jie Feng

While Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) recently became powerful tools in graph learning tasks, considerable efforts have been spent on improving GNNs' structural encoding ability. A particular line of work proposed subgraph GNNs that use…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Lecheng Kong , Jiarui Feng , Hao Liu , Dacheng Tao , Yixin Chen , Muhan Zhang

Graph neural networks (GNNs) work remarkably well in semi-supervised node regression, yet a rigorous theory explaining when and why they succeed remains lacking. To address this gap, we study an aggregate-and-readout model that encompasses…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-20 Juntong Chen , Claire Donnat , Olga Klopp , Johannes Schmidt-Hieber

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have proven to be highly effective in various graph learning tasks. A key characteristic of GNNs is their use of a fixed number of message-passing steps for all nodes in the graph, regardless of each node's…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Yassine Abbahaddou , Fragkiskos D. Malliaros , Johannes F. Lutzeyer , Michalis Vazirgiannis

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have become indispensable in critical domains such as drug discovery, social network analysis, and recommendation systems, yet their black-box nature hinders deployment in scenarios requiring transparency and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-04 Haribandhu Jena , Jyotirmaya Shivottam , Subhankar Mishra

Implicit graph neural networks (IGNNs), which exhibit strong expressive power with a single layer, have recently demonstrated remarkable performance in capturing long-range dependencies (LRD) in underlying graphs while effectively…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Junchao Lin , Zenan Ling , Zhanbo Feng , Jingwen Xu , Minxuan Liao , Feng Zhou , Tianqi Hou , Zhenyu Liao , Robert C. Qiu