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Single-agent reinforcement learning algorithms in a multi-agent environment are inadequate for fostering cooperation. If intelligent agents are to interact and work together to solve complex problems, methods that counter non-cooperative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-09 Ted Fujimoto , Arthur Paul Pedersen

Constrained multi-agent reinforcement learning offers the framework to design scalable and almost surely feasible solutions for teams of agents operating in dynamic environments to carry out conflicting tasks. We address the challenges of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-03 Leopoldo Agorio , Sean Van Alen , Santiago Paternain , Miguel Calvo-Fullana , Juan Andres Bazerque

In cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (c-MARL), agents learn to cooperatively take actions as a team to maximize a total team reward. We analyze the robustness of c-MARL to adversaries capable of attacking one of the agents on a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-10 Jieyu Lin , Kristina Dzeparoska , Sai Qian Zhang , Alberto Leon-Garcia , Nicolas Papernot

Recent research on reinforcement learning (RL) has suggested that trained agents are vulnerable to maliciously crafted adversarial samples. In this work, we show how such samples can be generalised from White-box and Grey-box attacks to a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-25 Yiren Zhao , Ilia Shumailov , Han Cui , Xitong Gao , Robert Mullins , Ross Anderson

This study probes the vulnerabilities of cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (c-MARL) under adversarial attacks, a critical determinant of c-MARL's worst-case performance prior to real-world implementation. Current…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Simin Li , Jun Guo , Jingqiao Xiu , Yuwei Zheng , Pu Feng , Xin Yu , Aishan Liu , Yaodong Yang , Bo An , Wenjun Wu , Xianglong Liu

The generation of feasible adversarial examples is necessary for properly assessing models that work in constrained feature space. However, it remains a challenging task to enforce constraints into attacks that were designed for computer…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-05-04 Thibault Simonetto , Salijona Dyrmishi , Salah Ghamizi , Maxime Cordy , Yves Le Traon

Safe reinforcement learning (Safe RL) aims to ensure policy performance while satisfying safety constraints. However, most existing Safe RL methods assume benign environments, making them vulnerable to adversarial perturbations commonly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Jialiang Fan , Shixiong Jiang , Mengyu Liu , Fanxin Kong

Recent studies have demonstrated that reinforcement learning (RL) agents are susceptible to adversarial manipulation, similar to vulnerabilities previously demonstrated in the supervised learning setting. While most existing work studies…

Growing at a fast pace, modern autonomous systems will soon be deployed at scale, opening up the possibility for cooperative multi-agent systems. Sharing information and distributing workloads allow autonomous agents to better perform tasks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-13 James Tu , Tsunhsuan Wang , Jingkang Wang , Sivabalan Manivasagam , Mengye Ren , Raquel Urtasun

Recent advancements in multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) have opened up vast application prospects, such as swarm control of drones, collaborative manipulation by robotic arms, and multi-target encirclement. However, potential…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Oubo Ma , Yuwen Pu , Linkang Du , Yang Dai , Ruo Wang , Xiaolei Liu , Yingcai Wu , Shouling Ji

In order to collaborate efficiently with unknown partners in cooperative control settings, adaptation of the partners based on online experience is required. The rather general and widely applicable control setting, where each cooperation…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2019-10-30 Florian Köpf , Samuel Tesfazgi , Michael Flad , Sören Hohmann

We explore a collaborative and cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning setting where a team of reinforcement learning agents attempt to solve a single cooperative task in a multi-scenario setting. We propose a novel multi-agent…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2019-08-27 Hassam Ullah Sheikh , Ladislau Bölöni

Traditional multi-agent reinforcement learning algorithms are not scalable to environments with more than a few agents, since these algorithms are exponential in the number of agents. Recent research has introduced successful methods to…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2021-01-26 Sriram Ganapathi Subramanian , Matthew E. Taylor , Mark Crowley , Pascal Poupart

Multi-agent systems rely on communication for information sharing and action coordination, which exposes a vulnerability to attacks. We investigate single-victim communication perturbation attacks against Multi-Agent Reinforcement…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Maxwell Standen , Junae Kim , Claudia Szabo

Communication is one of the effective means to improve the learning of cooperative policy in multi-agent systems. However, in most real-world scenarios, lossy communication is a prevalent issue. Existing multi-agent reinforcement learning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Guang Yang , Tianpei Yang , Jingwen Qiao , Yanqing Wu , Jing Huo , Xingguo Chen , Yang Gao

Attacks on machine learning models have been extensively studied through stateless optimization. In this paper, we demonstrate how a reinforcement learning (RL) agent can learn a new class of attack algorithms that generate adversarial…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Kyle Domico , Jean-Charles Noirot Ferrand , Ryan Sheatsley , Eric Pauley , Josiah Hanna , Patrick McDaniel

Cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (c-MARL) has been widely deployed in real-world applications, such as social robots, embodied intelligence, UAV swarms, etc. Nevertheless, many adversarial attacks still exist to threaten…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Men Niu , Xinxin Fan , Quanliang Jing , Shaoye Luo , Yunfeng Lu

In this paper, we confront the problem of applying reinforcement learning to agents that perceive the environment through many sensors and that can perform parallel actions using many actuators as is the case in complex autonomous robots.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2011-07-04 E. Celaya , J. M. Porta

Many machine learning models are vulnerable to adversarial examples: inputs that are specially crafted to cause a machine learning model to produce an incorrect output. Adversarial examples that affect one model often affect another model,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-05-25 Nicolas Papernot , Patrick McDaniel , Ian Goodfellow

Multi-agent reinforcement learning typically suffers from the problem of sample inefficiency, where learning suitable policies involves the use of many data samples. Learning from external demonstrators is a possible solution that mitigates…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-06 Sriram Ganapathi Subramanian , Matthew E. Taylor , Kate Larson , Mark Crowley
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