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This paper introduces a novel approach that leverages Large Language Models (LLMs) and Generative Agents to enhance time series forecasting by reasoning across both text and time series data. With language as a medium, our method adaptively…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Xinlei Wang , Maike Feng , Jing Qiu , Jinjin Gu , Junhua Zhao

The emergence of discourse-like tokens such as "wait" and "therefore" in large language models (LLMs) has offered a unique window into their reasoning processes. However, systematic analyses of how such signals vary across training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Jaehui Hwang , Dongyoon Han , Sangdoo Yun , Byeongho Heo

Recently, the remarkable advance of the Large Language Model (LLM) has inspired researchers to transfer its extraordinary reasoning capability to both vision and language data. However, the prevailing approaches primarily regard the visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Yang Jin , Kun Xu , Kun Xu , Liwei Chen , Chao Liao , Jianchao Tan , Quzhe Huang , Bin Chen , Chenyi Lei , An Liu , Chengru Song , Xiaoqiang Lei , Di Zhang , Wenwu Ou , Kun Gai , Yadong Mu

Symbolic encoding has been used in multi-operator learning as a way to embed additional information for distinct time-series data. For spatiotemporal systems described by time-dependent partial differential equations, the equation itself…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-19 Derek Jollie , Jingmin Sun , Zecheng Zhang , Hayden Schaeffer

We present TokenDial, a framework for continuous, slider-style attribute control in pretrained text-to-video generation models. While modern generators produce strong holistic videos, they offer limited control over how much an attribute…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Zhixuan Liu , Peter Schaldenbrand , Yijun Li , Long Mai , Aniruddha Mahapatra , Cusuh Ham , Jean Oh , Jui-Hsien Wang

This work introduces a regime-aware in-context learning framework that leverages large language models (LLMs) for financial volatility forecasting under nonstationary market conditions. The proposed approach deploys pretrained LLMs to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Saba Asaad , Shayan Mohajer Hamidi , Ali Bereyhi

Predicting human mobility is inherently challenging due to complex long-range dependencies and multi-scale periodic behaviors. To address this, we introduce RHYTHM (Reasoning with Hierarchical Temporal Tokenization for Human Mobility), a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Haoyu He , Haozheng Luo , Yan Chen , Qi R. Wang

With the emergence of neural audio codecs, which encode multiple streams of discrete tokens from audio, large language models have recently gained attention as a promising approach for zero-shot Text-to-Speech (TTS) synthesis. Despite the…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-04-04 Jaehyeon Kim , Keon Lee , Seungjun Chung , Jaewoong Cho

The efficiency of large language models (LLMs) is fundamentally limited by their sequential, token-by-token generation process. We argue that overcoming this bottleneck requires a new design axis for LLM scaling: increasing the semantic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Chenze Shao , Darren Li , Fandong Meng , Jie Zhou

Rapid advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have spurred demand for processing extended context sequences in contemporary applications. However, this progress faces two challenges: performance degradation due to sequence lengths…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Wei Wu , Zhuoshi Pan , Chao Wang , Liyi Chen , Yunchu Bai , Tianfu Wang , Kun Fu , Zheng Wang , Hui Xiong

How to boost speech pre-training with textual data is an unsolved problem due to the fact that speech and text are very different modalities with distinct characteristics. In this paper, we propose a cross-modal Speech and Language Model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Ziqiang Zhang , Sanyuan Chen , Long Zhou , Yu Wu , Shuo Ren , Shujie Liu , Zhuoyuan Yao , Xun Gong , Lirong Dai , Jinyu Li , Furu Wei

Spatio-temporal forecasting plays a crucial role in various sectors such as transportation systems, logistics, and supply chain management. However, existing methods are limited by their ability to handle large, complex datasets. To…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Sakhinana Sagar Srinivas , Chidaksh Ravuru , Geethan Sannidhi , Venkataramana Runkana

Time series forecasting is a long-standing and highly challenging research topic. Recently, driven by the rise of large language models (LLMs), research has increasingly shifted from purely time series methods toward harnessing textual…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Shiqiao Zhou , Holger Schöner , Huanbo Lyu , Edouard Fouché , Shuo Wang

Tokenization is a hardcoded compression step which remains in the training pipeline of Large Language Models (LLMs), despite a general trend towards architectures becoming increasingly end-to-end. Prior work has shown promising results at…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Sam Dauncey , Roger Wattenhofer

Modern tokenizers employ deterministic algorithms to map text into a single "canonical" token sequence, yet the same string can be encoded as many non-canonical tokenizations using the tokenizer vocabulary. In this work, we investigate the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Brian Siyuan Zheng , Alisa Liu , Orevaoghene Ahia , Jonathan Hayase , Yejin Choi , Noah A. Smith

Given the significant potential of large language models (LLMs) in sequence modeling, emerging studies have begun applying them to time-series forecasting. Despite notable progress, existing methods still face two critical challenges: 1)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-09 Pengfei Wang , Huanran Zheng , Qi'ao Xu , Silong Dai , Yiqiao Wang , Wenjing Yue , Wei Zhu , Tianwen Qian , Xiaoling Wang

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have remarkably enhanced performances on a variety of tasks in multiple languages. However, tokenizers in LLMs trained primarily on English-centric corpora often overly fragment a text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Jimin Hong , Gibbeum Lee , Jaewoong Cho

Deep learning has achieved strong performance in Time Series Forecasting (TSF). However, we identify a critical representation paradox, termed Latent Chaos: models with accurate predictions often learn latent representations that are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Jie Yang , Yifan Hu , Yuante Li , Kexin Zhang , Kaize Ding , Philip S. Yu

The World Wide Web needs reliable predictive capabilities to respond to changes in user behavior and usage patterns. Time series forecasting (TSF) is a key means to achieve this goal. In recent years, the large language models (LLMs) for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Jianqi Zhang , Jingyao Wang , Wenwen Qiang , Fanjiang Xu , Changwen Zheng

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promising performance in time series modeling tasks, but do they truly understand time series data? While multiple benchmarks have been proposed to answer this fundamental question, most are manually…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Malgorzata Gwiazda , Yifu Cai , Mononito Goswami , Arjun Choudhry , Artur Dubrawski