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Safeguarding vision-language models (VLMs) is a critical challenge, as existing methods often suffer from over-defense, which harms utility, or rely on shallow alignment, failing to detect complex threats that require deep reasoning. To…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Nanxi Li , Zhengyue Zhao , G. Edward Suh , Marco Pavone , Chaowei Xiao

The current paradigm for safety alignment of large language models (LLMs) follows a one-size-fits-all approach: the model refuses to interact with any content deemed unsafe by the model provider. This approach lacks flexibility in the face…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Jingyu Zhang , Ahmed Elgohary , Ahmed Magooda , Daniel Khashabi , Benjamin Van Durme

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance in various domains and tasks, concerns about their safety are becoming increasingly severe. In particular, since models may store unsafe knowledge internally,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Chengcan Wu , Zeming Wei , Huanran Chen , Yinpeng Dong , Meng Sun

Large Language Models (LLMs) are discovered to suffer from accurately retrieving key information. To address this, we propose Mask-Enhanced Autoregressive Prediction (MEAP), a simple yet effective training paradigm that seamlessly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Xialie Zhuang , Zhikai Jia , Jianjin Li , Zhenyu Zhang , Li Shen , Zheng Cao , Shiwei Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become indispensable in real-world applications. However, their widespread adoption raises significant safety concerns, particularly in responding to socially harmful questions. Despite substantial efforts…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Gabriel J. Perin , Runjin Chen , Xuxi Chen , Nina S. T. Hirata , Zhangyang Wang , Junyuan Hong

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in complex reasoning tasks. However, they remain highly susceptible to jailbreak attacks that undermine their safety alignment. Existing defense mechanisms typically…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Yu Pan , Wenlong Yu , Tiejun Wu , Xiaohu Ye , Qiannan Si , Guangquan Xu , Bin Wu

Channel prediction is an effective approach for reducing the feedback or estimation overhead in massive multi-input multi-output (m-MIMO) systems. However, existing channel prediction methods lack precision due to model mismatch errors or…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-21 Boxun Liu , Xuanyu Liu , Shijian Gao , Xiang Cheng , Liuqing Yang

Large language models (LLMs) excel in diverse applications but face dual challenges: generating harmful content under jailbreak attacks and over-refusal of benign queries due to rigid safety mechanisms. These issues are further complicated…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Yifan Xia , Guorui Chen , Wenqian Yu , Zhijiang Li , Philip Torr , Jindong Gu

Agentic AI systems built around large language models (LLMs) are moving away from closed, single-model frameworks and toward open ecosystems that connect a variety of agents, external tools, and resources. The Model Context Protocol (MCP)…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Xinyi Hou , Shenao Wang , Yifan Zhang , Ziluo Xue , Yanjie Zhao , Cai Fu , Haoyu Wang

We present MindGPT-4ov, a multimodal large language model (MLLM) that introduces a general post-training paradigm spanning data production, model training, and efficient deployment. It achieves state-of-the-art performance across multiple…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Wei Chen , Chaoqun Du , Feng Gu , Wei He , Qizhen Li , Zide Liu , Xuhao Pan , Chang Ren , Xudong Rao , Chenfeng Wang , Tao Wei , Chengjun Yu , Pengfei Yu , Yufei Zheng , Chunpeng Zhou , Pan Zhou , Xuhan Zhu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across diverse applications, yet they pose significant security risks that threaten their safe deployment in critical domains. Current security alignment methodologies…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Pengfei Du

Language models (LMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in NLP, yet adapting them efficiently and robustly to specific tasks remains challenging. As their scale and complexity grow, fine-tuning LMs on labelled data often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Zhengyan Shi

The deployment of multimodal large language models (MLLMs) has demonstrated remarkable success in engaging in conversations involving visual inputs, thanks to the superior power of large language models (LLMs). Those MLLMs are typically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Jiahui Gao , Renjie Pi , Tianyang Han , Han Wu , Lanqing Hong , Lingpeng Kong , Xin Jiang , Zhenguo Li

Large Language Models (LLMs), deep learning architectures with typically over 10 billion parameters, have recently begun to be integrated into various cyber-physical systems (CPS) such as robotics, industrial automation, and autopilot…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Weizhe Xu , Mengyu Liu , Fanxin Kong

Safety aligned Large Language Models (LLMs) are vulnerable to harmful fine-tuning attacks -- a few harmful data mixed in the fine-tuning dataset can break the LLMs's safety alignment. While several defenses have been proposed, our…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Tiansheng Huang , Gautam Bhattacharya , Pratik Joshi , Josh Kimball , Ling Liu

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) on custom datasets has become a standard approach for adapting these models to specific domains and applications. However, recent studies have shown that such fine-tuning can lead to significant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Yanping Li , Zhening Liu , Zijian Li , Zehong Lin , Jun Zhang

As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly adopted in safety-critical and regulated sectors, the retention of sensitive or prohibited knowledge introduces escalating risks, ranging from privacy leakage to regulatory non-compliance to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Taozhao Chen , Linghan Huang , Kim-Kwang Raymond Choo , Huaming Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) increasingly rely on multi-turn reasoning and interaction, such as adaptive retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) and ReAct-style agents, to answer difficult questions. These methods improve accuracy by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Xiaofan Zhou , Huy Nguyen , Bo Yu , Chenxi Liu , Lu Cheng

In recent years, NLP practitioners have converged on the following practice: (i) import an off-the-shelf pretrained (masked) language model; (ii) append a multilayer perceptron atop the CLS token's hidden representation (with randomly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-07 Mrigank Raman , Pratyush Maini , J. Zico Kolter , Zachary C. Lipton , Danish Pruthi

As advancements in large language models (LLMs) continue and the demand for personalized models increases, parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods (e.g., LoRA) will become essential due to their efficiency in reducing computation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-06 Mingjie Li , Wai Man Si , Michael Backes , Yang Zhang , Yisen Wang