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The recent rapid development of deep learning has laid a milestone in industrial Image Anomaly Detection (IAD). In this paper, we provide a comprehensive review of deep learning-based image anomaly detection techniques, from the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Jiaqi Liu , Guoyang Xie , Jinbao Wang , Shangnian Li , Chengjie Wang , Feng Zheng , Yaochu Jin

While anomaly detection has made significant progress, generating detailed analyses that incorporate industrial knowledge remains a challenge. To address this gap, we introduce OmniAD, a novel framework that unifies anomaly detection and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Shifang Zhao , Yiheng Lin , Lu Han , Yao Zhao , Yunchao Wei

Although recent methods have tried to introduce large multimodal models (LMMs) into industrial anomaly detection (IAD), their generalization in the IAD field is far inferior to that for general purposes. We summarize the main reasons for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Yuanze Li , Shihao Yuan , Haolin Wang , Qizhang Li , Ming Liu , Chen Xu , Guangming Shi , Wangmeng Zuo

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have achieved impressive success in natural visual understanding, yet they consistently underperform in industrial anomaly detection (IAD). This is because MLLMs trained mostly on general web data…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Xi Jiang , Yue Guo , Jian Li , Yong Liu , Bin-Bin Gao , Hanqiu Deng , Jun Liu , Heng Zhao , Chengjie Wang , Feng Zheng

Humans detect real-world object anomalies by perceiving, interacting, and reasoning based on object-conditioned physical knowledge. The long-term goal of Industrial Anomaly Detection (IAD) is to enable machines to autonomously replicate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Wenqiao Li , Yao Gu , Xintao Chen , Xiaohao Xu , Ming Hu , Xiaonan Huang , Yingna Wu

Logical anomaly detection in industrial inspection remains challenging due to variations in visual appearance (e.g., background clutter, illumination shift, and blur), which often distract vision-centric detectors from identifying…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Hiroto Nakata , Yawen Zou , Shunsuke Sakai , Shun Maeda , Chunzhi Gu , Yijin Wei , Shangce Gao , Chao Zhang

Due to the training configuration, traditional industrial anomaly detection (IAD) methods have to train a specific model for each deployment scenario, which is insufficient to meet the requirements of modern design and manufacturing. On the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-20 Yuanze Li , Haolin Wang , Shihao Yuan , Ming Liu , Debin Zhao , Yiwen Guo , Chen Xu , Guangming Shi , Wangmeng Zuo

Industrial anomaly detection (IAD) has garnered significant attention and experienced rapid development. However, the recent development of IAD approach has encountered certain difficulties due to dataset limitations. On the one hand, most…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-20 Chengjie Wang , Wenbing Zhu , Bin-Bin Gao , Zhenye Gan , Jianning Zhang , Zhihao Gu , Shuguang Qian , Mingang Chen , Lizhuang Ma

Industrial Anomaly Detection (IAD) is critical to ensure product quality during manufacturing. Although existing zero-shot defect segmentation and detection methods have shown effectiveness, they cannot provide detailed descriptions of the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Zongyun Zhang , Jiacheng Ruan , Xian Gao , Ting Liu , Yuzhuo Fu

Recent advancements in reasoning capability of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) demonstrate its effectiveness in tackling complex visual tasks. However, existing MLLM-based Video Anomaly Detection (VAD) methods remain limited to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Chao Huang , Benfeng Wang , Jie Wen , Chengliang Liu , Wei Wang , Li Shen , Xiaochun Cao

Video Anomaly Detection (VAD) is crucial for applications such as security surveillance and autonomous driving. However, existing VAD methods provide little rationale behind detection, hindering public trust in real-world deployments. In…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Yuchen Yang , Kwonjoon Lee , Behzad Dariush , Yinzhi Cao , Shao-Yuan Lo

Visual anomaly detection (AD) for industrial inspection is a highly relevant task in modern production environments. The problem becomes particularly challenging when training and deployment data differ due to changes in acquisition…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Lukas Roming , Felix Lehnerer , Jonas V. Funk , Andreas Michel , Georg Maier , Thomas Längle , Jürgen Beyerer

Recent progress in reasoning capabilities of Multimodal Large Language Models(MLLMs) has highlighted their potential for performing complex video understanding tasks. However, in the domain of Video Anomaly Detection and Understanding…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Chao Huang , Benfeng Wang , Wei Wang , Jie Wen , Li Shen , Wenqi Ren , Yong Xu , Xiaochun Cao

Anomaly detection is fundamental for ensuring quality control and operational efficiency in industrial environments, yet conventional approaches face significant challenges when training data contains mislabeled samples-a common occurrence…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Muhammad Aqeel , Shakiba Sharifi , Marco Cristani , Francesco Setti

Industrial Anomaly Detection (IAD) is a subproblem within Computer Vision Anomaly Detection that has been receiving increasing amounts of attention due to its applicability to real-life scenarios. Recent research has focused on how to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Mariette Schönfeld , Wannes Meert , Hendrik Blockeel

In practice, machine learning methods commonly require anomaly detection (AD) to filter inputs or detect distributional shifts. Typically, this is implemented by running a separate AD model alongside the primary model. However, this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Luca Hinkamp , Simon Klüttermann , Emmanuel Müller

While Machine Learning has become crucial for Industry 4.0, its opaque nature hinders trust and impedes the transformation of valuable insights into actionable decision, a challenge exacerbated in the evolving Industry 5.0 with its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Valentina Zaccaria , Chiara Masiero , David Dandolo , Gian Antonio Susto

Real-world industrial inspection requires not only localizing defects, but also explaining them in natural language and generating controlled defect edits. However, existing approaches fail to jointly support all three capabilities within a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Haoyu Zheng , Tianwei Lin , Wei Wang , Zhuonan Wang , Wenqiao Zhang , Jiaqi Zhu , Feifei Shao

For data-constrained, complex and dynamic industrial environments, there is a critical need for transferable and multimodal methodologies to enhance anomaly detection and therefore, prevent costs associated with system failures. Typically,…

The task of image anomaly detection (IAD) aims to identify deviations from normality in image data. These anomalies are patterns that deviate significantly from what the IAD model has learned from the data during training. However, in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Jihun Yi , Dahuin Jung , Sungroh Yoon