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Related papers: The Loeb Scale: Astronomical Classification of Int…

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The recent discovery of a third interstellar object (ISO) 3I/ATLAS, following 1I/`Oumuamua and 2I/Borisov, has raised questions about the nature and origin of these enigmatic objects. With the Vera C. Rubin Observatory expected to discover…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-09-09 Oem Trivedi , Abraham Loeb

Recent work on the Loeb Scale has provided astronomy a structured framework for assessing anomalous interstellar objects, including a quantitative mapping of a classification ranking, its evolution with the addition of data, and a broader…

Popular Physics · Physics 2026-04-27 Konrad Szocik , Abraham Loeb

Interstellar object (ISO) astronomy has rapidly emerged over the past decade as a new frontier in planetary astrophysics, yet current observations remain limited by short visibility windows, inference degeneracies and fragmented follow-up…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-01-30 Oem Trivedi , Abraham Loeb

With the discovery of the third confirmed interstellar object (ISO), 3I/ATLAS, we have entered a new phase in the exploration of these long-predicted objects. Though confirmed discovery of ISOs is quite recent, their utility as targets in…

The operation of the Vera C. Rubin Observatory's Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) marks a transformative moment in humanity's capacity to detect and characterize interstellar objects (ISOs). With projections indicating an increase…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-16 Omer Eldadi , Gershon Tenenbaum , Abraham Loeb

The upcoming commencement of the Vera C. Rubin Observatory's Legacy Survey of Space of Time (LSST) will greatly enhance the discovery rate of interstellar objects (ISOs). `Oumuamua and Borisov were the first two ISOs confirmed in the Solar…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-12-14 Amir Siraj , Abraham Loeb

The previous decade saw the discovery of the first four known interstellar objects due to advances in astronomical viewing equipment. Future sky surveys with greater sensitivity will allow for more frequent detections of such objects,…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-03-28 Carson Ezell , Abraham Loeb

The Legacy Survey of Space and Time, to be conducted with the Vera C. Rubin Observatory, is poised to revolutionize our understanding of the Solar System by providing an unprecedented wealth of data on various objects, including the elusive…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-12-04 Richard Cloete , Peter Vereš , Abraham Loeb

Interstellar objects (ISOs) represent a compelling and under-explored category of celestial bodies, providing physical laboratories to understand the formation of our solar system and probe the composition and properties of material formed…

With a new probabilistic technique for sampling interstellar object (ISO) orbits with high efficiency, we assess the observability of ISOs under a realistic cadence for the upcoming Vera Rubin Observatory's Legacy Survey of Space and Time…

The discoveries of two Interstellar Objects (ISOs) in recent years has generated significant interest in constraining their physical properties and the mechanisms behind their formation. However, their ephemeral passages through our Solar…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-08-02 Samuel H. C. Cabot , Gregory Laughlin

Interstellar objects (ISOs) provide unique insights into the building blocks and conditions of extrasolar planetary systems. The newly discovered object, 3I/ATLAS (C/2025 N1), represents the third known ISO after 1I/'Oumuamua and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-08-08 Thomas H. Puzia , Rohan Rahatgaonkar , Juan Pablo Carvajal , Prasanta K. Nayak , Baltasar Luco

Interstellar objects (ISOs) are small bodies that can travel through our solar system from other star systems. When present in our solar system, they represent an opportunity to study the properties and origins of these objects, as well as…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-07-25 Declan Mages , Davide Farnocchia , Benjamin Donitz

We present a [60--100] vs. [100--170] $\mu$m two colour diagram for a sample of 61 young stellar objects (YSOs) observed with the Long Wavelength Spectrometer (LWS) on-board the Infrared Space Observatory (ISO). The sample consists of 17…

Astrophysics · Physics 2016-08-30 S. Pezzuto

In this work we investigate the orbital distribution of interstellar objects (ISOs), observable by the future wide-field National Science Foundation Vera C. Rubin Observatory (VRO). We generate synthetic population of ISOs and simulate…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-05-27 Dusan Marceta , Bojan Novakovic

We present a detailed spectroscopic study of a sample of bright, mostly cool, stars observed with the Short-Wavelength Spectrometer (SWS) on board the Infrared Space Observatory (ISO), which enables the accurate determination of the stellar…

Without mitigation, the intrinsic alignment (IA) of galaxies poses a significant threat to achieving unbiased cosmological parameter constraints from precision weak lensing surveys. Here, we apply for the first time to data a method to…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-01-24 Charlie MacMahon-Gellér , C. Danielle Leonard

Recent observations and detections of interstellar objects (ISOs) passing through the solar system have sparked a wave of interest into these objects. Although rare, these ISOs can be captured into bound orbits around the Sun. In this…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-08-09 Diptajyoti Mukherjee , Amir Siraj , Hy Trac , Abraham Loeb

In this paper, we review some of the extant literature on the study of interstellar objects (ISOs). With the forthcoming Vera C. Rubin Telescope and Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST), we find that $0.38 - 84$ `Oumuamua-like…

Until now, only two Interstellar Objects (ISOs) have been discovered: 1I/'Oumuamua and 2I/Borisov. Despite a limited amount of observations, they present high scientific interest for the research community. In order to further analyze these…

Space Physics · Physics 2022-09-07 Laia López Llobet , Andreas M. Hein
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