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Recent frontier models employ long chain-of-thought reasoning to explore solution spaces in context and achieve stonger performance. While many works study distillation to build smaller yet capable models, most focus on English and little…

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting has proven remarkably effective for eliciting complex reasoning in large language models (LLMs). Yet, its potential in multimodal large language models (MLLMs) remains largely untapped, hindered by the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Lingxiao Li , Yifan Wang , Xinyan Gao , Chen Tang , Xiangyu Yue , Chenyu You

Recent advances in large language models elicit reasoning in a chain-of-thought that allows models to decompose problems in a human-like fashion. Though this paradigm improves multi-step reasoning ability in language models, it is limited…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-24 Daniel Rose , Vaishnavi Himakunthala , Andy Ouyang , Ryan He , Alex Mei , Yujie Lu , Michael Saxon , Chinmay Sonar , Diba Mirza , William Yang Wang

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning enables Large Language Models (LLMs) to solve complex reasoning tasks by generating intermediate reasoning steps. However, most existing approaches focus on hard token decoding, which constrains reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Yige Xu , Xu Guo , Zhiwei Zeng , Chunyan Miao

Chain-of-thought (CoT) has proven to improve the reasoning capability of large language models (LLMs). However, due to the complexity of multimodal scenarios and the difficulty in collecting high-quality CoT data, CoT reasoning in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Kanzhi Cheng , Yantao Li , Fangzhi Xu , Jianbing Zhang , Hao Zhou , Yang Liu

Geometry problem solving (GPS) requires capacities of multi-modal understanding, multi-hop reasoning and theorem knowledge application. In this paper, we propose a neural-symbolic model for plane geometry problem solving (PGPS), named…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Ming-Liang Zhang , Zhong-Zhi Li , Fei Yin , Liang Lin , Cheng-Lin Liu

Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable progress in their reasoning capabilities, such as Chain-of-Thought (CoT). Most approaches rely on CoT rationales. Previous studies have shown that LLMs often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Kentaro Kazama , Daiki Shirafuji , Tatsuhiko Saito

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) has been shown to significantly improve the reasoning accuracy of large language models (LLMs) on complex tasks. However, due to the autoregressive, step-by-step generation paradigm, existing CoT methods suffer from…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Jiaquan Zhang , Chaoning Zhang , Shuxu Chen , Xudong Wang , Zhenzhen Huang , Pengcheng Zheng , Shuai Yuan , Sheng Zheng , Qigan Sun , Jie Zou , Lik-Hang Lee , Yang Yang

The human brain is naturally equipped to comprehend and interpret visual information rapidly. When confronted with complex problems or concepts, we use flowcharts, sketches, and diagrams to aid our thought process. Leveraging this inherent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-17 Fanxu Meng , Haotong Yang , Yiding Wang , Muhan Zhang

Chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning has been highly successful in solving complex tasks in natural language processing, and recent multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have extended this paradigm to video reasoning. However, these models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Yiwu Zhong , Zi-Yuan Hu , Yin Li , Liwei Wang

Existing works of reasoning segmentation often fall short in complex cases, particularly when addressing complicated queries and out-of-domain images. Inspired by the chain-of-thought reasoning, where harder problems require longer thinking…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Shiu-hong Kao , Chak Ho Huang , Huaiqian Liu , Yu-Wing Tai , Chi-Keung Tang

Humans often use visual aids, for example diagrams or sketches, when solving complex problems. Training multimodal models to do the same, known as Visual Chain of Thought (Visual CoT), is challenging due to: (1) poor off-the-shelf visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Ang Li , Charles Wang , Deqing Fu , Kaiyu Yue , Zikui Cai , Wang Bill Zhu , Ollie Liu , Peng Guo , Willie Neiswanger , Furong Huang , Tom Goldstein , Micah Goldblum

Equipped with Chain-of-Thought (CoT), Large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive reasoning ability in various downstream tasks. Even so, suffering from hallucinations and the inability to access external knowledge, LLMs often come…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Keheng Wang , Feiyu Duan , Sirui Wang , Peiguang Li , Yunsen Xian , Chuantao Yin , Wenge Rong , Zhang Xiong

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting helps models think step by step. But naive CoT breaks down in visually grounded social tasks, where models must perceive, understand, and judge all at once; bridging perception with norm-grounded reasoning.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Eunkyu Park , Wesley Hanwen Deng , Gunhee Kim , Motahhare Eslami , Maarten Sap

While the recent Chain-of-Thought (CoT) technique enhances the reasoning ability of large language models (LLMs) with the theory of mind, it might still struggle in handling logical reasoning that relies much on symbolic expressions and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Jundong Xu , Hao Fei , Liangming Pan , Qian Liu , Mong-Li Lee , Wynne Hsu

Recent advances in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have achieved remarkable progress in general domains and demonstrated promise in multimodal mathematical reasoning. However, applying MLLMs to geometry problem solving (GPS)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Yicheng Pan , Zhenrong Zhang , Pengfei Hu , Jiefeng Ma , Jun Du , Jianshu Zhang , Quan Liu , Jianqing Gao , Feng Ma

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning excels in language models but struggles in vision-language models due to premature visual-to-text conversion that discards continuous information such as geometry and spatial layout. While recent methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Weihang You , Qingchan Zhu , David Liu , Yi Pan , Geng Yuan , Hanqi Jiang

GUI grounding aims to align natural language instructions with precise regions in complex user interfaces. Advanced multimodal large language models show strong ability in visual GUI grounding but still struggle with small or visually…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Aiden Yiliu Li , Bizhi Yu , Daoan Lei , Tianhe Ren , Shilong Liu

Multi-modal reasoning requires the seamless integration of visual and linguistic cues, yet existing Chain-of-Thought methods suffer from two critical limitations in cross-modal scenarios: (1) over-reliance on single coarse-grained image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Wenting Lu , Didi Zhu , Tao Shen , Donglin Zhu , Ayong Ye , Chao Wu

The Chain-of-Thought (CoT) paradigm has emerged as a critical approach for enhancing the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs). However, despite their widespread adoption and success, CoT methods often exhibit instability…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-06 Yu Wang , Shiwan Zhao , Zhihu Wang , Heyuan Huang , Ming Fan , Yubo Zhang , Zhixing Wang , Haijun Wang , Ting Liu