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Memory plays a foundational role in augmenting the reasoning, adaptability, and contextual fidelity of modern Large Language Models and Multi-Modal LLMs. As these models transition from static predictors to interactive systems capable of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Zixia Jia , Jiaqi Li , Yipeng Kang , Yuxuan Wang , Tong Wu , Quansen Wang , Xiaobo Wang , Shuyi Zhang , Junzhe Shen , Qing Li , Siyuan Qi , Yitao Liang , Di He , Zilong Zheng , Song-Chun Zhu

In this paper, we propose a novel factored agent architecture designed to overcome the limitations of traditional single-agent systems in agentic AI. Our approach decomposes the agent into two specialized components: (1) a large language…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Nicholas Roth , Christopher Hidey , Lucas Spangher , William F. Arnold , Chang Ye , Nick Masiewicki , Jinoo Baek , Peter Grabowski , Eugene Ie

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved impressive linguistic capabilities. However, a key limitation persists in their lack of human-like memory faculties. LLMs exhibit constrained memory retention across sequential interactions,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Jing Guo , Nan Li , Jianchuan Qi , Hang Yang , Ruiqiao Li , Yuzhen Feng , Si Zhang , Ming Xu

Large language model (LLM) agents have evolved to intelligently process information, make decisions, and interact with users or tools. A key capability is the integration of long-term memory capabilities, enabling these agents to draw upon…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Rana Salama , Jason Cai , Michelle Yuan , Anna Currey , Monica Sunkara , Yi Zhang , Yassine Benajiba

Augmented Reality (AR) systems are increasingly integrating foundation models, such as Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), to provide more context-aware and adaptive user experiences. This integration has led to the development of AR…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Dongwook Choi , Taeyoon Kwon , Dongil Yang , Hyojun Kim , Jinyoung Yeo

As Large Language Models (LLMs) evolve from text-completion tools into fully fledged agents operating in dynamic environments, they must address the challenge of continually learning and retaining long-term knowledge. Many biological…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Mathis Pink , Qinyuan Wu , Vy Ai Vo , Javier Turek , Jianing Mu , Alexander Huth , Mariya Toneva

As large language models (LLMs) evolve into autonomous agents, persistent memory at the API layer is essential for enabling context-aware behavior across LLMs and multi-session interactions. Existing approaches force vendor lock-in and rely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Luiz C. Borro , Luiz A. B. Macarini , Gordon Tindall , Michael Montero , Adam B. Struck

Large Language Models (LLMs) often struggle with structural ambiguity in optimization problems, where a single problem admits multiple related but conflicting modeling paradigms, hindering effective solution generation. To address this, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Xinyu Zhang , Yuchen Wan , Boxuan Zhang , Zesheng Yang , Lingling Zhang , Bifan Wei , Jun Liu

Humans excel at performing complex tasks by leveraging long-term memory across temporal and spatial experiences. In contrast, current Large Language Models (LLMs) struggle to effectively plan and act in dynamic, multi-room 3D environments.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Wenbo Hu , Yining Hong , Yanjun Wang , Leison Gao , Zibu Wei , Xingcheng Yao , Nanyun Peng , Yonatan Bitton , Idan Szpektor , Kai-Wei Chang

LLM-powered agents face a persistent challenge: learning from their execution experiences to improve future performance. While agents can successfully complete many tasks, they often repeat inefficient patterns, fail to recover from similar…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Gaodan Fang , Vatche Isahagian , K. R. Jayaram , Ritesh Kumar , Vinod Muthusamy , Punleuk Oum , Gegi Thomas

Many real-world systems, such as transportation systems, ecological systems, and Internet systems, are complex systems. As an important tool for studying complex systems, computational experiments can map them into artificial society models…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Ming Zhang , Yiling Xuan , Qun Ma , Yuwei Guo

Large language model (LLM) multi-agent systems can scale along two distinct dimensions: by increasing the number of agents and by improving through accumulated experience over time. Although prior work has studied these dimensions…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Shanglin Wu , Yuyang Luo , Yueqing Liang , Kaiwen Shi , Yanfang Ye , Ali Payani , Kai Shu

Although LLM agents can leverage tools for complex tasks, they still need memory to maintain cross-turn consistency and accumulate reusable information in long-horizon interactions. However, retrieval-based external memory systems incur low…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Jiaquan Zhang , Chaoning Zhang , Shuxu Chen , Zhenzhen Huang , Pengcheng Zheng , Zhicheng Wang , Ping Guo , Fan Mo , Sung-Ho Bae , Jie Zou , Jiwei Wei , Yang Yang

Agentic memory is emerging as a key enabler for large language models (LLM) to maintain continuity, personalization, and long-term context in extended user interactions, critical capabilities for deploying LLMs as truly interactive and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Samarth Sarin , Lovepreet Singh , Bhaskarjit Sarmah , Dhagash Mehta

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate strong potential as agents for tool invocation due to their advanced comprehension and planning capabilities. Users increasingly rely on LLM-based agents to solve complex missions through iterative…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Peijie Yu , Yifan Yang , Jinjian Li , Zelong Zhang , Haorui Wang , Xiao Feng , Feng Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are constrained by their inability to process lengthy inputs, resulting in the loss of critical historical information. To address this limitation, in this paper, we propose the Self-Controlled Memory (SCM)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Bing Wang , Xinnian Liang , Jian Yang , Hui Huang , Shuangzhi Wu , Peihao Wu , Lu Lu , Zejun Ma , Zhoujun Li

Existing large language models (LLMs) can only afford fix-sized inputs due to the input length limit, preventing them from utilizing rich long-context information from past inputs. To address this, we propose a framework, Language Models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Weizhi Wang , Li Dong , Hao Cheng , Xiaodong Liu , Xifeng Yan , Jianfeng Gao , Furu Wei

Large language model (LLM) agents extend generative models with reasoning, tool use, and persistent memory, thereby enabling the automation of complex tasks. In healthcare, such systems could support documentation, care coordination, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Wenxian Yang , Hanzheng Qiu , Bangqun Zhang , Chengquan Li , Zhiyong Huang , Xiaobin Feng , Rongshan Yu , Jiahong Dong

Modern LLM-based agents and chat assistants rely on long-term memory frameworks to store reusable knowledge, recall user preferences, and augment reasoning. As researchers create more complex memory architectures, it becomes increasingly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Alina Shutova , Alexandra Olenina , Ivan Vinogradov , Anton Sinitsin

This paper reviews the architecture and implementation methods of agents powered by large language models (LLMs). Motivated by the limitations of traditional LLMs in real-world tasks, the research aims to explore patterns to develop…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Victor de Lamo Castrillo , Habtom Kahsay Gidey , Alexander Lenz , Alois Knoll