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The simulation of many-body open quantum systems is key to solving numerous outstanding problems in physics, chemistry, material science, and in the development of quantum technologies. Near-term quantum computers may bring considerable…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-05 Sara Santos , Xinyu Song , Vincenzo Savona

Quantum variational algorithms are one of the most promising applications of near-term quantum computers; however, recent studies have demonstrated that unless the variational quantum circuits are configured in a problem-specific manner,…

Optimisation via parameterised quantum circuits is the prevalent technique of near-term quantum algorithms. However, the omnipresent phenomenon of barren plateaus - parameter regions with vanishing gradients - sets a persistent hurdle that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-20 Lennart Binkowski , Gereon Koßmann , Tobias J. Osborne , René Schwonnek , Timo Ziegler

Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) combine the advantages of classical optimization and quantum computation, making them one of the most promising approaches in the Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) era. However, when optimized…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-20 Zhehao Yi , Rahul Bhadani

This work studies the variational quantum eigensolver algorithm, designed to determine the ground state of a quantum mechanical system by combining classical and quantum hardware. Methods of reducing the number of required qubit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-01 R. J. P. T. de Keijzer , V. E. Colussi , B. Škorić , S. J. J. M. F. Kokkelmans

The Bethe approximation, discovered in statistical physics, gives an efficient algorithm called belief propagation (BP) for approximating a partition function. BP empirically gives an accurate approximation for many problems, e.g.,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2012-10-11 Ryuhei Mori , Toshiyuki Tanaka

Variational Gaussian process (GP) approximations have become a standard tool in fast GP inference. This technique requires a user to select variational features to increase efficiency. So far the common choices in the literature are…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-10-26 Veit Wild , George Wynne

In recent years, the Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) has emerged as one of the most popular algorithms for solving the electronic structure problem on near-term quantum computers. The utility of VQE is often hindered by the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-04 M. R. Nirmal , Ankit Khandelwal , Manoj Nambiar , Sharma S. R. K. C. Yamijala

Variational quantum algorithms have been a promising candidate to utilize near-term quantum devices to solve real-world problems. The powerfulness of variational quantum algorithms is ultimately determined by the expressiveness of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-23 Xiaokai Hou , Qingyu Li , Man-Hong Yung , Xusheng Xu , Zizhu Wang , Chu Guo , Xiaoting Wang

Variational quantum computing offers a powerful framework with applications across diverse fields such as quantum chemistry, machine learning, and optimization. However, its scalability is hindered by the exponential concentration of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-05 Giulio Crognaletti , Michele Grossi , Angelo Bassi

Variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) emerged as a first practical algorithm for near-term quantum computers. Its success largely relies on the chosen variational ansatz, corresponding to a quantum circuit that prepares an approximate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-10 D. Chivilikhin , A. Samarin , V. Ulyantsev , I. Iorsh , A. R. Oganov , O. Kyriienko

The natural gradient descent optimisation technique is an efficient optimising protocol for broad classes of classical and quantum systems that takes the underlying geometry of the parameter manifold into account by means of using either…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-08 Ankit Gill , Kunal Pal

This work studies pulse based variational quantum algorithms (VQAs), which are designed to determine the ground state of a quantum mechanical system by combining classical and quantum hardware. In contrast to more standard gate based…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-01 Robert de Keijzer , Oliver Tse , Servaas Kokkelmans

We study multi-qubit variational quantum states that can be considered as vertex- and edge-weighted graph. These states are constructed as single-layer variational circuits with $RX$ rotations and $RZZ$ entangling gates, corresponding to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-22 Kh. P. Gnatenko , A. Kaczmarek

We simulate a long-range extended Ising model in one dimension using a hybrid quantum algorithm, namely Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE). In this quantum simulation, we investigate how quantum resources scale with system size and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-21 Tanya Keshari , Debasis Sadhukhan

Learning faithful representations of quantum states is crucial to fully characterizing the variety of many-body states created on quantum processors. While various tomographic methods such as classical shadow and MPS tomography have shown…

Variational Quantum Eigensolvers (VQEs) represent a promising approach to computing molecular ground states and energies on modern quantum computers. These approaches use a classical computer to optimize the parameters of a trial wave…

The adaptive derivative-assembled problem-tailored variational quantum eigensolver (ADAPT-VQE) provides a promising approach for simulating highly correlated quantum systems on quantum devices, as it strikes a balance between hardware…

Variational quantum algorithms have emerged as a powerful tool for harnessing the potential of near-term quantum devices to address complex challenges across quantum science and technology. Yet, the robust and scalable quantification of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-21 Vahid Azimi-Mousolou , Prashant Singh

Quantum neural networks (QNNs) offer a powerful paradigm for programming near-term quantum computers and have the potential to speedup applications ranging from data science to chemistry to materials science. However, a possible obstacle to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-08 M. Cerezo , Patrick J. Coles
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