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The generation speed of LLMs are bottlenecked by autoregressive decoding, where tokens are predicted sequentially one by one. Alternatively, diffusion large language models (dLLMs) theoretically allow for parallel token generation, but in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Daniel Israel , Guy Van den Broeck , Aditya Grover

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable abilities, they are hindered by significant resource consumption and considerable latency due to autoregressive processing. In this study, we introduce Adaptive N-gram Parallel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Jie Ou , Yueming Chen , Wenhong Tian

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used for long-content generation (e.g., long Chain-of-Thought reasoning) where decoding efficiency becomes a critical bottleneck: Autoregressive decoding is inherently limited by its sequential…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Zhepei Wei , Wei-Lin Chen , Xinyu Zhu , Yu Meng

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable performance across a wide range of tasks, but their increasing parameter sizes significantly slow down inference. Speculative decoding mitigates this issue by leveraging a smaller draft…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Kuan-Wei Lu , Ding-Yong Hong , Pangfeng Liu , Jan-Jan Wu

Large language models (LLMs) often suffer from hallucinations due to error accumulation in autoregressive decoding, where suboptimal early token choices misguide subsequent generation. Although multi-path decoding can improve robustness by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Tianyu Zheng , Hong Wu , Jiaji Zhong

The massive adoption of large language models (LLMs) demands efficient deployment strategies. However, the auto-regressive decoding process, which is fundamental to how most LLMs generate text, poses challenges to achieve efficient serving.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-15 Mingdao Liu , Aohan Zeng , Bowen Wang , Peng Zhang , Jie Tang , Yuxiao Dong

Large language models (LLMs) often face a bottleneck in inference speed due to their reliance on auto-regressive decoding. Recently, parallel decoding has shown significant promise in enhancing inference efficiency. However, we have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Yuxuan Liu , Wenyuan Li , Laizhong Cui , Hailiang Yang

We present Locality-aware Parallel Decoding (LPD) to accelerate autoregressive image generation. Traditional autoregressive image generation relies on next-patch prediction, a memory-bound process that leads to high latency. Existing works…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Zhuoyang Zhang , Luke J. Huang , Chengyue Wu , Shang Yang , Kelly Peng , Yao Lu , Song Han

Autoregressive decoding in large language models (LLMs) requires $\mathcal{O}(n)$ sequential steps for $n$ tokens, fundamentally limiting inference throughput. Recent diffusion-based LLMs (dLLMs) enable parallel token generation through…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Wenrui Bao , Zhiben Chen , Dan Xu , Yuzhang Shang

Some text generation tasks, such as Attribute Value Extraction (AVE), require decoding multiple independent sequences from the same document context. While standard autoregressive decoding is slow due to its sequential nature, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Theodore Glavas , Nikhita Vedula , Dushyanta Dhyani , Yilun Zhu , Shervin Malmasi

The auto-regressive decoding of Large Language Models (LLMs) results in significant overheads in their hardware performance. While recent research has investigated various speculative decoding techniques for multi-token generation, these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Hao Mark Chen , Wayne Luk , Ka Fai Cedric Yiu , Rui Li , Konstantin Mishchenko , Stylianos I. Venieris , Hongxiang Fan

In arbitrary-order language models, it is an open question how to sample tokens in parallel from the correct joint distribution. With discrete diffusion models, the more tokens they generate in parallel, the less their predicted…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Gabe Guo , Stefano Ermon

Large Language Models (LLMs) inherently use autoregressive decoding, which lacks parallelism in inference and results in significantly slow inference speed. While methods such as Medusa constructs parallelized heads, they lack adequate…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Zeping Li , Xinlong Yang , Ziheng Gao , Ji Liu , Guanchen Li , Zhuang Liu , Dong Li , Jinzhang Peng , Lu Tian , Emad Barsoum

Large language model (LLM) decoding involves generating a sequence of tokens based on a given context, where each token is predicted one at a time using the model's learned probabilities. The typical autoregressive decoding method requires…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Xukun Liu , Bowen Lei , Ruqi Zhang , Dongkuan Xu

Autoregressive decoding of large language models (LLMs) is memory bandwidth bounded, resulting in high latency and significant wastes of the parallel processing power of modern accelerators. Existing methods for accelerating LLM decoding…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Yichao Fu , Peter Bailis , Ion Stoica , Hao Zhang

Scaling inference-time computation has substantially improved the reasoning capabilities of language models. However, existing methods have significant limitations: serialized chain-of-thought approaches generate overly long outputs,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Jiayi Pan , Xiuyu Li , Long Lian , Charlie Snell , Yifei Zhou , Adam Yala , Trevor Darrell , Kurt Keutzer , Alane Suhr

Autoregressive models (ARMs) are hindered by slow sequential inference. While masked diffusion models (MDMs) offer a parallel alternative, they suffer from critical drawbacks: high computational overhead from precluding Key-Value (KV)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Jia-Nan Li , Jian Guan , Wei Wu , Chongxuan Li

Masked diffusion models (MDMs) have emerged as a promising approach for language modeling, yet they face a performance gap compared to autoregressive models (ARMs) and require more training iterations. In this work, we present the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Mahdi Karami , Ali Ghodsi

This research aims to accelerate the inference speed of large language models (LLMs) with billions of parameters. We propose \textbf{S}mart \textbf{P}arallel \textbf{A}uto-\textbf{C}orrect d\textbf{E}coding (SPACE), an innovative approach…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Hanling Yi , Feng Lin , Hongbin Li , Peiyang Ning , Xiaotian Yu , Rong Xiao

The parallel alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) algorithms have gained popularity in statistics and machine learning due to their efficient handling of large sample data problems. However, the parallel structure of these…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-04-11 Xiaofei Wu , Jiancheng Jiang , Zhimin Zhang
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