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Large Language Models (LLMs) often generate inaccurate responses (hallucinations) when faced with questions beyond their knowledge scope. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) addresses this by leveraging external knowledge, but a critical…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Haoxiang Jin , Ronghan Li , Zixiang Lu , Qiguang Miao

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has become a foundational component of modern AI systems, yet it introduces significant privacy risks by exposing user queries to service providers. To address this, we introduce PIR-RAG, a practical…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Baiqiang Wang , Qian Lou , Mengxin Zheng , Dongfang Zhao

This study presents a method for implementing generative AI services by utilizing the Large Language Models (LLM) application architecture. With recent advancements in generative AI technology, LLMs have gained prominence across various…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-03 Cheonsu Jeong

Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) lack direct interaction between learners and instructors, making it challenging for learners to understand new knowledge concepts. Recently, learners have increasingly used Large Language Models (LLMs) to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Mohamed Abdelmagied , Mohamed Amine Chatti , Shoeb Joarder , Qurat Ul Ain , Rawaa Alatrash

As large language models (LLMs) continue to grow in size, their abilities to tackle complex tasks have significantly improved. However, issues such as hallucination and the lack of up-to-date knowledge largely remain unresolved. Knowledge…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Lihui Liu

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have made a profound impact on our society and also raised new security concerns. Particularly, due to the remarkable inference ability of LLMs, the privacy violation attack (PVA), revealed by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Wanli Peng , Xin Chen , Hang Fu , XinYu He , Xue Yiming , Juan Wen

This study develops a question-answering system based on Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) using Chinese Wikipedia and Lawbank as retrieval sources. Using TTQA and TMMLU+ as evaluation datasets, the system employs BGE-M3 for dense vector…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Te-Lun Yang , Jyi-Shane Liu , Yuen-Hsien Tseng , Jyh-Shing Roger Jang

The ability to form, retrieve, and reason about memories in response to stimuli serves as the cornerstone for general intelligence - shaping entities capable of learning, adaptation, and intuitive insight. Large Language Models (LLMs) have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Brendan Hogan Rappazzo , Yingheng Wang , Aaron Ferber , Carla Gomes

Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) frameworks have shown significant promise in leveraging external knowledge to enhance the performance of large language models (LLMs). However, conventional RAG methods often retrieve documents based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Pouya Pezeshkpour , Estevam Hruschka

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown strong inductive reasoning ability across various domains, but their reliability is hindered by the outdated knowledge and hallucinations. Retrieval-Augmented Generation mitigates these issues by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Tianjun Yao , Haoxuan Li , Zhiqiang Shen , Pan Li , Tongliang Liu , Kun Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are tools that have become indispensable in development and programming. However, they suffer from hallucinations, especially when dealing with unknown knowledge. This is particularly the case when LLMs are to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Andreas Baumann , Peter Eberhard

Answering first-order logic (FOL) queries over incomplete knowledge graphs (KGs) is difficult, especially for complex query structures that compose projection, intersection, union, and negation. We propose ROG, a retrieval-augmented…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Ziyan Zhang , Chao Wang , Zhuo Chen , Chiyi Li , Kai Song

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems have shown promise in enhancing the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, these systems face challenges in effectively integrating external knowledge with the LLM's internal…

Although large language models (LLMs) have achieved significant success in various tasks, they often struggle with hallucination problems, especially in scenarios requiring deep and responsible reasoning. These issues could be partially…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Jiashuo Sun , Chengjin Xu , Lumingyuan Tang , Saizhuo Wang , Chen Lin , Yeyun Gong , Lionel M. Ni , Heung-Yeung Shum , Jian Guo

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) aims to mitigate the hallucination of Large Language Models (LLMs) by retrieving and incorporating relevant external knowledge into the generation process. However, the external knowledge may contain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Yi Sui , Chaozhuo Li , Chen Zhang , Dawei song , Qiuchi Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been extensively adopted in Knowledge Graph Completion (KGC), showcasing significant research advancements. However, as black-box models driven by deep neural architectures, current LLM-based KGC methods…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Wenbin Guo , Xin Wang , Jiaoyan Chen , Zhao Li , Zirui Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized Natural Language Processing (NLP) based applications including automated text generation, question answering, chatbots, and others. However, they face a significant challenge: hallucinations,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-22 Ernests Lavrinovics , Russa Biswas , Johannes Bjerva , Katja Hose

Answering complex logical queries over large-scale knowledge graphs (KGs) represents an important artificial intelligence task, entailing a range of applications. Recently, knowledge representation learning (KRL) has emerged as the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-11-02 Zhaohan Xi , Ren Pang , Changjiang Li , Shouling Ji , Xiapu Luo , Xusheng Xiao , Ting Wang

Mitigating the hallucinations of Large Language Models is a crucial task. Although some existing methods employ self-enhancement techniques, they fall short of effectively addressing unknown factual hallucinations. Meanwhile, Knowledge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Jiaxiang Liu , Tong Zhou , Yubo Chen , Kang Liu , Jun Zhao

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across various domains, although their susceptibility to hallucination poses significant challenges for their deployment in critical areas such as healthcare. To address…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-13 Mengjia Niu , Hao Li , Jie Shi , Hamed Haddadi , Fan Mo