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Batch effects are pervasive in biomedical studies. One approach to address the batch effects is repeatedly measuring a subset of samples in each batch. These remeasured samples are used to estimate and correct the batch effects. However,…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-11-07 Hanxuan Ye , Xianyang Zhang , Chen Wang , Ellen L. Goode , Jun Chen

We obtain an asymptotic normality result that reveals the precise asymptotic behavior of the maximum likelihood estimators of parameters for a very general class of linear mixed models containing cross random effects. In achieving the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-02-10 Jiming Jiang , Matt P. Wand , Swarnadip Ghosh

Covariate adjustment is a widely used technique in randomized clinical trials (RCTs) for improving the efficiency of treatment effect estimators. By adjusting for predictive baseline covariates, variance can be reduced, enhancing…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-16 Mathias Lerbech Jeppesen , Emilie Højbjerre-Frandsen

In Bayesian meta-analysis, the specification of prior probabilities for the between-study heterogeneity is commonly required, and is of particular benefit in situations where only few studies are included. Among the considerations in the…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-06-02 Christian Röver , Sibylle Sturtz , Jona Lilienthal , Ralf Bender , Tim Friede

Meta-analysis, by synthesizing effect estimates from multiple studies conducted in diverse settings, stands at the top of the evidence hierarchy in clinical research. Yet, conventional approaches based on fixed- or random-effects models…

Meta-analysis is a statistical method used in evidence synthesis for combining, analyzing and summarizing studies that have the same target endpoint and aims to derive a pooled quantitative estimate using fixed and random effects models or…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-04-25 Ivette Raices Cruz , Matthias C. M. Troffaes , Johan Lindström , Ullrika Sahlin

Linear mixed effects are considered excellent predictors of cluster-level parameters in various domains. However, previous work has shown that their performance can be seriously affected by departures from modelling assumptions. Since the…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-07-27 Katarzyna Reluga , Stefan Sperlich

Univariate regression models have rich literature for counting data. However, this is not the case for multivariate count data. Therefore, we present the Multivariate Generalized Linear Mixed Models framework that deals with a multivariate…

Understanding interaction effects among variables is important for regression modeling in various applications. The conventional approach of quantifying interactions as the product of variables often lacks clear interpretability, especially…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-21 Kexin Xie , Xinwei Deng

A regression method for proportional, or fractional, data with mixed effects is outlined, designed for analysis of datasets in which the outcomes have substantial weight at the bounds. In such cases a normal approximation is particularly…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-05-23 Colman Humphrey , Dan Swingley

The restricted mean survival time (RMST) model has been garnering attention as a way to provide a clinically intuitive measure: the mean survival time. RMST models, which use methods based on pseudo time-to-event values and inverse…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-06-11 Keisuke Hanada , Masahiro Kojima

Inference in hierarchical nonlinear models needs careful consideration about targeting parameters that have either a conditional or population-average interpretation. For the special case of mixed-effects nonlinear sigmoidal models we…

Applications · Statistics 2017-07-11 Daniel Gerhard , Christian Ritz

Multi-gene panel testing allows efficient detection of pathogenic variants in cancer susceptibility genes including moderate-risk genes such as ATM and PALB2. A growing number of studies examine the risk of breast cancer (BC) conferred by…

Statistical models that include random effects are commonly used to analyze longitudinal and correlated data, often with strong and parametric assumptions about the random effects distribution. There is marked disagreement in the literature…

Methodology · Statistics 2012-01-11 Charles E. McCulloch , John M. Neuhaus

Parameter estimation is a foundational step in statistical modeling, enabling us to extract knowledge from data and apply it effectively. Bayesian estimation of parameters incorporates prior beliefs with observed data to infer distribution…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-06-24 Fahad Mostafa , Md Rejuan Haque , Md Mostafijur Rahman , Farzana Nasrin

After selection with the Group LASSO (or generalized variants such as the overlapping, sparse, or standardized Group LASSO), inference for the selected parameters is unreliable in the absence of adjustments for selection bias. In the…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-08-16 Snigdha Panigrahi , Peter W. MacDonald , Daniel Kessler

The prediction interval has been increasingly used in meta-analyses as a useful measure for assessing the magnitude of treatment effect and between-studies heterogeneity. In calculations of the prediction interval, although the…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-07-14 Yuta Hamaguchi , Hisashi Noma , Kengo Nagashima , Tomohide Yamada , Toshi A. Furukawa

In the random-effects model of meta-analysis a canonical representation of the restricted likelihood function is obtained. This representation relates the mean effect and the heterogeneity variance estimation problems. An explicit form of…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2014-10-28 Andrew L. Rukhin

In Randomised Controlled Trials (RCT) with treatment non-compliance, instrumental variable approaches are used to estimate complier average causal effects. We extend these approaches to cost-effectiveness analyses, where methods need to…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-12-02 Karla DiazOrdaz , Angelo Franchini , Richard Grieve

Detection limit (DL) has become an increasingly ubiquitous issue in statistical analyses of biomedical studies, such as cytokine, metabolite and protein analysis. In regression analysis, if an explanatory variable is left-censored due to…