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This article derives prognostic expressions for the evolution of globally aggregated economic wealth, productivity, inflation, technological change, innovation and growth. The approach is to treat civilization as an open, non-equilibrium…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2015-02-03 Timothy J. Garrett

Climate change has become intertwined with the global economy. Here, we describe the importance of inertia to continued growth in energy consumption. Drawing from thermodynamic arguments, and using 38 years of available statistics between…

General Economics · Economics 2021-03-11 Timothy J. Garrett , Matheus R. Grasselli , Stephen Keen

An axiomatic approach to macroeconomics based on the mathematical structure of thermodynamics is presented. It deduces relations between aggregate properties of an economy, concerning quantities and flows of goods and money, prices and the…

General Economics · Economics 2025-06-18 N. J. Chater , R. S. MacKay

Once carbon emission neutrality and other sustainability goals have been achieved, a widespread assumption is that economic growth at current rates can be sustained beyond the 21st century. However, even if we achieve these goals, this…

Physics and Society · Physics 2020-05-12 Andreas M. Hein , Jean-Baptiste Rudelle

Inflationary models usually assume the existence of scalar fields or other exotic gravitational sources. We investigate an alternative approach in which the entire Universe is considered as a thermodynamic system described by…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-04-10 Christine Gruber , Hernando Quevedo

This study presents a computational and theoretical framework inspired by thermodynamic principles to analyze the dynamics of economic inflation within adiabatic and non-adiabatic systems. In a framework referred to as developmental…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-10-21 İdris Demir , Ali İhsan Keskin

The application of principles of thermodynamics and statistical mechanics to economic systems is considered in a broad historical perspective, extending from prehistoric times to the present day. The hypothesis of maximum entropy production…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 Alastair D. Jenkins

We apply the concept of Rayleigh-Jeans thermalization of classical fields for a description of the world Gross Domestic Product (GDP) distribution over countries. The thermalization appears due to a variety of interactions between countries…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-12-09 Klaus M. Frahm , Dima L. Shepelyansky

For those concerned with the long-term value of their accounts, it can be a challenge to plan in the present for inflation-adjusted economic growth over coming decades. Here, I argue that there exists an economic constant that carries…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2012-11-14 Timothy J. Garrett

A thermodynamic approach to the description of economic systems and processes is developed. It is shown that there is a deep analogy between the parameters of thermodynamic and economic systems (markets); so each thermodynamic parameter can…

General Physics · Physics 2021-08-18 Sergey Rashkovskiy

The process of creating goods and services, measured by their value, is considered a process of creating complexity. This allows us to consider the production system as an open thermodynamic system, and to develop a simple heuristic model…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-04-24 Vladimir Pokrovskii

It is proven that there exist some universal relations between the energy gap and the differences of the thermodynamic potential, entropy, specific heat and critical magnetic field for many two- and three-dimensional models of…

Superconductivity · Physics 2015-06-24 R. Gonczarek , M. Krzyzosiak

The dependence of world GDP on current energy consumption and total energy produced over the previous period and materialized in the form of production infrastructure is studied. The dependence describes empirical data with high accuracy…

General Economics · Economics 2020-06-16 Boris M. Dolgonosov

Nowadays, there is an increasing concern about the unsustainability of the take-make-dispose paradigm upon which traditional production and consumption systems are built. The concept of circular economy is gaining attention as a potential…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2024-11-21 Federico Zocco , Monica Malvezzi

Regardless of the gold-standard being considered as outdated, it provides valuable signs concerning the development of novel monetary standards, better adjusted to the current macroeconomic environment. By using a point of view of classical…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2018-01-18 Tiago Fernandes

A thermodynamic framework that predicts the thermal conductivity $\lambda$ of simple fluids beyond the dilute-gas limit is introduced. By generalizing the transition-rate approach of particles on a lattice to conserved quantities in…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-12-03 Miguel Hoyuelos

Central to the official "green growth" discourse is the conjecture that absolute decoupling can be achieved with certain market instruments. This paper evaluates this claim focusing on the role of technology, while changes in GDP…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2019-05-06 Salvador Pueyo

We consider the relationship between economic activity and intervention, including monetary and fiscal policy, using a universal dynamic framework. Central bank policies are designed for growth without excess inflation. However,…

Physics and Society · Physics 2018-01-01 Yaneer Bar-Yam , Jean Langlois-Meurinne , Mari Kawakatsu , Rodolfo Garcia

Suppose that the early Universe starts with a quantum spacetime originated cosmological $\Lambda$-term at the Planck scale $M_{\rm pl}$. The cosmological energy density $\rho_{_{_\Lambda}}$ drives inflation and simultaneously reduces its…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-04-27 She-Sheng Xue

The Ward et al. (2016) Plos-One paper is an important, heavily-cited paper in the decoupling literature. The authors present evidence of 1990-2015 growth in material and energy consumption and GDP at a world level, and for selected…

General Economics · Economics 2024-01-23 Hervé Bercegol , Paul E. Brockway
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