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In this work we compare several new computational approaches to an inventory routing problem, in which a single product is shipped from a warehouse to retailers via an uncapacitated vehicle. We survey exact algorithms for the Traveling…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-07-30 Yasemin Malli , Marco Laumanns , Roberto Rossi , Steven Prestwich , S. Armagan Tarim

There has been a growing number of machine learning methods for approximately solving the travelling salesman problem. However, these methods often require solved instances for training or use complex reinforcement learning approaches that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-28 Elīza Gaile , Andis Draguns , Emīls Ozoliņš , Kārlis Freivalds

In the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP), a list of cities and the distances between them are given. The goal is to find the shortest possible route that visits each city exactly once and returns to the original city. The TSP has a wide…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-06-17 Johnny Seay , Edwin Gonzalez , Stephen Lowe , Jesse Crawford , Bryant Wyatt

The travelling salesman problem (TSP) is one of the well-studied NP-hard problems in the literature. The state-of-the art inexact TSP solvers are the Lin-Kernighan-Helsgaun (LKH) heuristic and Edge Assembly crossover (EAX). A recent study…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-14 Swetha Varadarajan , Darrell Whitley

Solving NP-hard/complete combinatorial problems with neural networks is a challenging research area that aims to surpass classical approximate algorithms. The long-term objective is to outperform hand-designed heuristics for…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Dobrik Georgiev , Danilo Numeroso , Davide Bacciu , Pietro Liò

The generalized traveling salesman problem (GTSP) is an extension of the well-known traveling salesman problem. In GTSP, we are given a partition of cities into groups and we are required to find a minimum length tour that includes exactly…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2010-03-30 Gregory Gutin , Daniel Karapetyan

The Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP) is a well-known NP-Hard combinatorial optimisation problem, with industrial use cases such as last-mile delivery. Although TSP has been studied extensively on quantum computers, it is rare to find…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-09 Daniel Goldsmith , Xing Liang , Dimitrios Makris , Hongwei Wu

The Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) is one of the most representative NP-hard problems in route planning and a long-standing benchmark in combinatorial optimization. Traditional heuristic tour constructors, such as Farthest or Nearest…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Wei Huang , Hanchen Wang , Dong Wen , Wenjie Zhang

Traditional solvers for tackling combinatorial optimization (CO) problems are usually designed by human experts. Recently, there has been a surge of interest in utilizing deep learning, especially deep reinforcement learning, to…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-04-13 Shengcai Liu , Yu Zhang , Ke Tang , Xin Yao

We present a trajectory optimization algorithm for the traveling salesman problem (TSP) in graphs of convex sets (GCS). Our framework uses an augmented graph of convex sets to encode the TSP specification and solve it exactly as a shortest…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-09 Gael Luna , Tyler Summers

Recent systems applying Machine Learning (ML) to solve the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) exhibit issues when they try to scale up to real case scenarios with several hundred vertices. The use of Candidate Lists (CLs) has been brought up…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-09-15 Umberto Junior Mele , Luca Maria Gambardella , Roberto Montemanni

Many recent approximation algorithms for different variants of the traveling salesman problem (asymmetric TSP, graph TSP, s-t-path TSP) exploit the well-known fact that a solution of the natural linear programming relaxation can be written…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2016-01-06 Jens Vygen

In this paper we propose some novel path planning strategies for a double integrator with bounded velocity and bounded control inputs. First, we study the following version of the Traveling Salesperson Problem (TSP): given a set of points…

Robotics · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Ketan Savla , Francesco Bullo , Emilio Frazzoli

Over the past few years, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), also known as drones, have been adopted as part of a new logistic method in the commercial sector called "last-mile delivery". In this novel approach, they are deployed alongside…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-01-03 Quang Minh Ha , Yves Deville , Quang Dung Pham , Minh Hoàng Hà

The travelling salesman problem (TSP) of space trajectory design is complicated by its complex structure design space. The graph based tree search and stochastic seeding combinatorial approaches are commonly employed to tackle the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-09-07 Liqiang Hou , Shufan Wu , Zhongcheng Mu , Meilin Liu

Recently, deep reinforcement learning (DRL) frameworks have shown potential for solving NP-hard routing problems such as the traveling salesman problem (TSP) without problem-specific expert knowledge. Although DRL can be used to solve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-28 Minsu Kim , Jinkyoo Park , Joungho Kim

Combinatorial optimization problems are foundational challenges in fields such as artificial intelligence, logistics, and network design. Traditional algorithms, including greedy methods and dynamic programming, often struggle to balance…

Recent years have witnessed the promise that reinforcement learning, coupled with Graph Neural Network (GNN) architectures, could learn to solve hard combinatorial optimization problems: given raw input data and an evaluator to guide the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-01-04 Matteo Boffa , Zied Ben Houidi , Jonatan Krolikowski , Dario Rossi

Combinatorial optimization is widely applied in a number of areas nowadays. Unfortunately, many combinatorial optimization problems are NP-hard which usually means that they are unsolvable in practice. However, it is often unnecessary to…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2012-07-10 Daniel Karapetyan

This work presents solutions to the Traveling Salesperson Problem with precedence constraints (TSPPC) using Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) by adapting recent approaches that work well for regular TSPs. Common to these approaches is the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-20 Christian Löwens , Inaam Ashraf , Alexander Gembus , Genesis Cuizon , Jonas K. Falkner , Lars Schmidt-Thieme
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