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Pulsar Timing Array (PTA) experiments are expected to be sensitive to gravitational waves (GWs) emitted by individual supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHBs) inspiralling along eccentric orbits. We compare the computational cost of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-07-03 Abhimanyu Susobhanan

Pulsar timing array (PTA) provides an excellent opportunity to detect the gravitational waves (GWs) in nanoHertz frequency band. In particular, due to the larger number of "arms" in PTA, it can be used to test gravity by probing the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-03-29 Rui Niu , Wen Zhao

The pattern of neutrino flavor oscillations could be altered by the influence of noisy perturbations such as those arising from a gravitational wave background (GWB). A stochastic process that is consistent with a GWB has been recently…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-01-17 Gaetano Lambiase , Leonardo Mastrototaro , Luca Visinelli

With strong evidence of a common-spectrum stochastic process in the most recent datasets from the NANOGrav Collaboration, the European Pulsar Timing Array (PTA), Parkes PTA, and the International PTA, it is crucial to assess the effects of…

A large population of binary systems in the Universe emitting gravitational waves (GW) would produce a stochastic noise, known as the gravitational wave background (GWB). The properties of the GWB directly depend on the attributes of its…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-12-04 Mikel Falxa , Hippolyte Quelquejay Leclere , Alberto Sesana

The stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) in the nanohertz (nHz) regime, detectable by pulsar timing arrays (PTAs), provides a promising probe of the cosmic population of supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHBs). These binaries…

Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) seek to detect a nano-Hz stochastic gravitational-wave background (GWB) by searching for the characteristic Hellings and Downs angular pattern of timing residual correlations. So far, the evidence remains below…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-09-09 Rutger van Haasteren , Bruce Allen , Joseph D. Romano

As pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) transition into the detection era of the stochastic gravitational wave background (GWB), it is important for PTA collaborations to review and possibly revise their observing campaigns. The detection of a…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-12-18 Jeremy G. Baier , Jeffrey S. Hazboun , Joseph D. Romano

We propose a novel methodology to select host galaxy candidates of future pulsar timing array (PTA) detections of resolved gravitational waves (GWs) from massive black hole binaries (MBHBs). The method exploits the physical dependence of…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2019-02-20 Janna M. Goldstein , Alberto Sesana , A. Miguel Holgado , John Veitch

Galaxy observations suggest that mergers of supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHBs) are rare events, with rates of order one per decade across the observable Universe. We present a framework to search for merging SMBHBs in pulsar timing…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-04-17 Sharon Mary Tomson , Boris Goncharov , Rutger van Haasteren

Pulsar Timing Array projects have found evidence of a stochastic background of gravitational waves (GWB) using data from an ensemble of pulsars. In the literature, minimal assumptions are made about the signal and noise processes that…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2024-11-28 Rutger van Haasteren

Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) are on the verge of detecting low-frequency gravitational waves (GWs) from supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHBs). With continued observations of a large sample of millisecond pulsars, PTAs will reach this…

Pulsar Timing Array (PTA) experiments have the potential to unveil continuous gravitational wave (CGW) signals from individual massive black hole binaries (MBHBs). Detecting them in both gravitational waves (GW) and the electromagnetic (EM)…

While pulsar timing array (PTA) collaborations have reported evidence for a stochastic gravitational wave background (GWB), the detection of continuous gravitational waves (GWs) from a confirmed supermassive black hole binary (SMBHB) would…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-10-13 Li-Wen Tian , Yan-Chen Bi , Yu-Mei Wu , Qing-Guo Huang

Massive black hole binaries (MBHBs) are binary systems formed by black holes with mass exceeding millions of solar masses, expected to form and evolve in the nuclei of galaxies. The extreme compact nature of such objects determines a loud…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-06-26 Matteo Bonetti , Alessia Franchini , Bruno Giovanni Galuzzi , Alberto Sesana

In their fourth observing run, the LIGO--Virgo--KAGRA gravitational-wave observatories have found hundreds of new signals, but many are contaminated by non-Gaussian transient noise artefacts known as glitches. Left unaddressed, glitches can…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-04-03 Mattia Emma , Ann-Kristin Malz , Adriana Dias , Gregory Ashton

Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) perform Bayesian posterior inference with expensive MCMC methods. Given a dataset of ~10-100 pulsars and O(10^3) timing residuals each, producing a posterior distribution for the stochastic gravitational wave…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-10-20 David Shih , Marat Freytsis , Stephen R. Taylor , Jeff A. Dror , Nolan Smyth

Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) are designed to detect nanohertz-frequency gravitational waves (GWs). Since GWs are anticipated from cosmic strings, PTAs offer a viable approach to testing their existence. We present the results of the first…

Pulsar Timing Array (PTA) collaborations reported evidence of a nano-Hz stochastic gravitational wave background (sGWB) compatible with an adiabatically inspiraling population of massive black hole binaries (MBHBs). Despite the large…

Pulsar Timing Array (PTA) experiments worldwide recently reported evidence of a nHz stochastic gravitational wave background (sGWB) compatible with the existence of slowly inspiralling massive black hole (MBH) binaries (MBHBs). The shape of…

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