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Object recognition is among the fundamental tasks in the computer vision applications, paving the path for all other image understanding operations. In every stage of progress in object recognition research, efforts have been made to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Aria Salari , Abtin Djavadifar , Xiangrui Liu , Homayoun Najjaran

Machine learning on tiny IoT devices based on microcontroller units (MCU) is appealing but challenging: the memory of microcontrollers is 2-3 orders of magnitude smaller even than mobile phones. We propose MCUNet, a framework that jointly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-11-20 Ji Lin , Wei-Ming Chen , Yujun Lin , John Cohn , Chuang Gan , Song Han

Likelihood-based deep generative models (DGMs) have gained significant attention for their ability to approximate the distributions of high-dimensional data. However, these models lack a performance guarantee in assigning higher likelihood…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Behrooz Montazeran , Ullrich Köthe

Edge computing enables data processing closer to the source, significantly reducing latency, an essential requirement for real-time vision-based analytics such as object detection in surveillance and smart city environments. However, these…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Daghash K. Alqahtani , Maria A. Rodriguez , Muhammad Aamir Cheema , Hamid Rezatofighi , Adel N. Toosi

The use of lightweight machine learning (ML) models in internet of things (IoT) networks enables resource constrained IoT devices to perform on-device inference for several critical applications. However, the inference accuracy deteriorates…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Henrik C. M. Frederiksen , Junya Shiraishi , Cedomir Stefanovic , Hei Victor Cheng , Shashi Raj Pandey

Out-of-distribution (OOD) object detection is an important yet underexplored task. A reliable object detector should be able to handle OOD objects by localizing and correctly classifying them as OOD. However, a critical issue arises when…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Sadia Ilyas , Annika Mütze , Klaus Friedrichs , Thomas Kurbiel , Matthias Rottmann

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is vital to safety-critical machine learning applications and has thus been extensively studied, with a plethora of methods developed in the literature. However, the field currently lacks a unified,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Jingkang Yang , Pengyun Wang , Dejian Zou , Zitang Zhou , Kunyuan Ding , Wenxuan Peng , Haoqi Wang , Guangyao Chen , Bo Li , Yiyou Sun , Xuefeng Du , Kaiyang Zhou , Wayne Zhang , Dan Hendrycks , Yixuan Li , Ziwei Liu

Prior research on out-of-distribution detection (OoDD) has primarily focused on single-modality models. Recently, with the advent of large-scale pretrained vision-language models such as CLIP, OoDD methods utilizing such multi-modal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Jeonghyeon Kim , Sangheum Hwang

The field of Tiny Machine Learning (TinyML) has made substantial advancements in democratizing machine learning on low-footprint devices, such as microcontrollers. The prevalence of these miniature devices raises the question of whether…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-29 Haoyu Ren , Xue Li , Darko Anicic , Thomas A. Runkler

The increasing popularity of Deep Learning (DL) based Object Detection (OD) methods and their real-world applications have opened new venues in smart manufacturing. Traditional industries struck by capacity constraints after Coronavirus…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-02 Hafiz Mughees Ahmad , Afshin Rahimi , Khizer Hayat

This paper introduces a highly flexible, quantized, memory-efficient, and ultra-lightweight object detection network, called TinyissimoYOLO. It aims to enable object detection on microcontrollers in the power domain of milliwatts, with less…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-06 Julian Moosmann , Marco Giordano , Christian Vogt , Michele Magno

Detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) samples is an essential requirement for the deployment of machine learning systems in the real world. Until now, research on energy-based OOD detectors has focused on the softmax confidence score from a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-18 Francesco Tonin , Arun Pandey , Panagiotis Patrinos , Johan A. K. Suykens

Internet of Things (IoT) devices are progressively being utilised in a variety of edge applications to monitor and control home and industry infrastructure. Due to the limited compute and energy resources, active security protections are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-10-10 Liam Daly Manocchio , Siamak Layeghy , Marius Portmann

The integration of Internet of Things (IoT) applications in our daily lives has led to a surge in data traffic, posing significant security challenges. IoT applications using cloud and edge computing are at higher risk of cyberattacks…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Afsaneh Mahanipour , Hana Khamfroush

3D object detection is fundamentally important for various emerging applications, including autonomous driving and robotics. A key requirement for training an accurate 3D object detector is the availability of a large amount of LiDAR-based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Ruiyu Mao , Sarthak Kumar Maharana , Rishabh K Iyer , Yunhui Guo

Recent developments for Semi-Supervised Object Detection (SSOD) have shown the promise of leveraging unlabeled data to improve an object detector. However, thus far these methods have assumed that the unlabeled data does not contain…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-30 Yen-Cheng Liu , Chih-Yao Ma , Xiaoliang Dai , Junjiao Tian , Peter Vajda , Zijian He , Zsolt Kira

This work provides a comparative analysis illustrating how Deep Learning (DL) surpasses Machine Learning (ML) in addressing tasks within Internet of Things (IoT), such as attack classification and device-type identification. Our approach…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-04 Mounia Hamidouche , Eugeny Popko , Bassem Ouni

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is crucial for safely deploying automated medical image analysis systems, as abnormal patterns in images could hamper their performance. However, OOD detection in medical imaging remains an open…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-18 Evi M. C. Huijben , Sina Amirrajab , Josien P. W. Pluim

Out-of-Distribution (OOD) detection is a critical task that has garnered significant attention. The emergence of CLIP has spurred extensive research into zero-shot OOD detection, often employing a training-free approach. Current methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Haoran Xu , Yanlin Liu , Zizhao Tong , Jiaze Li , Kexue Fu , Yuyang Zhang , Longxiang Gao , Shuaiguang Li , Xingyu Li , Yanran Xu , Changwei Wang

Developing deep learning models for resource-constrained Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices is challenging, as it is difficult to achieve both good quality of results (QoR), such as DNN model inference accuracy, and quality of service (QoS),…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-05-22 Xiaofan Zhang , Cong Hao , Yuhong Li , Yao Chen , Jinjun Xiong , Wen-mei Hwu , Deming Chen