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The rapid proliferation of the Internet of Things (IoT) and smart applications has led to a surge in data generated by distributed sensing devices. Edge computing is a mainstream approach to managing this data by pushing computation closer…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Daghash K. Alqahtani , Maria A. Rodriguez , Muhammad Aamir Cheema , Adel N. Toosi

The proliferation of smart and autonomous systems has motivated a shift toward executing intelligence directly on edge devices. This shift becomes particularly challenging for zero-energy devices (ZEDs), where severe constraints on memory,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-10 Shahab Jahanbazi , Mateen Ashraf , Lieven De Strycker , Jeroen Famaey , Onel L. A. Lopez

The majority of IoT devices like smartwatches, smart plugs, HVAC controllers, etc., are powered by hardware with a constrained specification (low memory, clock speed and processor) which is insufficient to accommodate and execute large,…

The deployment of machine learning solutions in real-world scenarios often involves addressing the challenge of out-of-distribution (OOD) detection. While significant efforts have been devoted to OOD detection in classical supervised…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-10 Loïc Le Bescond , Maria Vakalopoulou , Stergios Christodoulidis , Fabrice André , Hugues Talbot

Object detection on the edge (Edge-OD) is in growing demand thanks to its ever-broad application prospects. However, the development of this field is rigorously restricted by the deployment dilemma of simultaneously achieving high accuracy,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Chao Wu , Yifan Gong , Liangkai Liu , Mengquan Li , Yushu Wu , Xuan Shen , Zhimin Li , Geng Yuan , Weisong Shi , Yanzhi Wang

Radiation Detection Systems (RDSs) play a vital role in ensuring public safety across various settings, from nuclear facilities to medical environments. However, these systems are increasingly vulnerable to cyber-attacks such as data…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Einstein Rivas Pizarro , Wajiha Zaheer , Li Yang , Khalil El-Khatib , Glenn Harvel

The deployment of Quantized Neural Networks (QNNs) on resource-constrained edge devices, such as microcontrollers (MCUs), introduces fundamental challenges in balancing model performance, computational complexity, and memory constraints.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Hamza A. Abushahla , Dara Varam , Ariel Justine N. Panopio , Mohamed I. AlHajri

Resource constraints pose a significant cybersecurity threat to IoT smart devices, making them vulnerable to various attacks, including those targeting energy and memory. This study underscores the need for innovative security measures due…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Zainab Alwaisi , Simone Soderi

The emergence of Tiny Machine Learning (TinyML) has positively revolutionized the field of Artificial Intelligence by promoting the joint design of resource-constrained IoT hardware devices and their learning-based software architectures.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-27 Luigi Capogrosso , Federico Cunico , Dong Seon Cheng , Franco Fummi , Marco Cristani

Tiny machine learning (TinyML), executing AI workloads on resource and power strictly restricted systems, is an important and challenging topic. This brief firstly presents an extremely tiny backbone to construct high efficiency CNN models…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-06-02 Kunran Xu , Huawei Zhang , Yishi Li , Yuhao Zhang , Rui Lai , Yi Liu

LiDAR-based 3D object detection has become an essential part of automated driving due to its ability to localize and classify objects precisely in 3D. However, object detectors face a critical challenge when dealing with unknown foreground…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-25 Michael Kösel , Marcel Schreiber , Michael Ulrich , Claudius Gläser , Klaus Dietmayer

Tiny Machine Learning enables real-time, energy-efficient data processing directly on microcontrollers, making it ideal for Internet of Things sensor networks. This paper presents a compact TinyML pipeline for detecting anomalies in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Amar Almaini , Jakob Folz , Ghadeer Ashour

Efficient and effective Out-of-Distribution (OOD) detection is essential for the safe deployment of AI systems. Existing feature space methods, while effective, often incur significant computational overhead due to their reliance on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Litian Liu , Yao Qin

Traditional semi-supervised object detection methods assume a fixed set of object classes (in-distribution or ID classes) during training and deployment, which limits performance in real-world scenarios where unseen classes…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Garvita Allabadi , Ana Lucic , Siddarth Aananth , Tiffany Yang , Yu-Xiong Wang , Vikram Adve

As more devices connect to the internet, it becomes crucial to address their limitations and basic security needs. While much research focuses on utilizing ML and DL to tackle security challenges, there is often a tendency to overlook the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Mounia Hamidouche , Biniam Fisseha Demissie , Bilel Cherif

Over the past decade, the dominance of deep learning has prevailed across various domains of artificial intelligence, including natural language processing, computer vision, and biomedical signal processing. While there have been remarkable…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-15 Hou-I Liu , Marco Galindo , Hongxia Xie , Lai-Kuan Wong , Hong-Han Shuai , Yung-Hui Li , Wen-Huang Cheng

Applying machine learning to increasingly high-dimensional problems with sparse or biased training data increases the risk that a model is used on inputs outside its training domain. For such out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs, the model can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Juniper Tyree , Andreas Rupp , Petri S. Clusius , Michael H. Boy

Tiny Machine Learning (TinyML) algorithms have seen extensive use in recent years, enabling wearable devices to be not only connected but also genuinely intelligent by running machine learning (ML) computations directly on-device. Among…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Massimo Pavan , Claudio Galimberti , Manuel Roveri

Underwater object detection (UOD) is vital to diverse marine applications, including oceanographic research, underwater robotics, and marine conservation. However, UOD faces numerous challenges that compromise its performance. Over the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Edwine Nabahirwa , Wei Song , Minghua Zhang , Yi Fang , Zhou Ni

Edge intelligent applications like VR/AR and language model based chatbots have become widespread with the rapid expansion of IoT and mobile devices. However, constrained edge devices often cannot serve the increasingly large and complex…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Zongshun Zhang , Ibrahim Matta