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We present M3-SLU, a new multimodal large language model (MLLM) benchmark for evaluating multi-speaker, multi-turn spoken language understanding. While recent models show strong performance in speech and text comprehension, they still…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Yejin Kwon , Taewoo Kang , Hyunsoo Yoon , Changouk Kim

Speech inherently contains rich acoustic information that extends far beyond the textual language. In real-world spoken language understanding, effective interpretation often requires integrating semantic meaning (e.g., content),…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Dingdong Wang , Junan Li , Jincenzi Wu , Dongchao Yang , Xueyuan Chen , Tianhua Zhang , Helen Meng

Spoken language understanding (SLU) tasks have been studied for many decades in the speech research community, but have not received as much attention as lower-level tasks like speech and speaker recognition. In particular, there are not…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-19 Suwon Shon , Siddhant Arora , Chyi-Jiunn Lin , Ankita Pasad , Felix Wu , Roshan Sharma , Wei-Lun Wu , Hung-Yi Lee , Karen Livescu , Shinji Watanabe

While speech Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at conventional tasks like basic speech recognition, they lack fine-grained, multi-dimensional perception. This deficiency is evident in their struggle to disentangle complex features like…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-13 Guojian Li , Zhixian Zhao , Zhennan Lin , Jingbin Hu , Qirui Zhan , Yuang Cao , Pengyuan Xie , Chuan Xie , Jie Liu , Qiang Zhang , Zhonghua Fu , Lei Xie

Recently, Large Audio Language Models (LALMs) have progressed rapidly, demonstrating their strong efficacy in universal audio understanding through cross-modal integration. To evaluate LALMs' audio understanding performance, researchers…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Han Yin , Jung-Woo Choi

Large Audio-Language Models (LALMs), such as GPT-4o, have recently unlocked audio dialogue capabilities, enabling direct spoken exchanges with humans. The potential of LALMs broadens their applicability across a wide range of practical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Kuofeng Gao , Shu-Tao Xia , Ke Xu , Philip Torr , Jindong Gu

Spoken Language Understanding (SLU), which aims to extract user semantics to execute downstream tasks, is a crucial component of task-oriented dialog systems. Existing SLU datasets generally lack sufficient diversity and complexity, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Yuezhang Peng , Chonghao Cai , Ziang Liu , Shuai Fan , Sheng Jiang , Hua Xu , Yuxin Liu , Qiguang Chen , Kele Xu , Yao Li , Sheng Wang , Libo Qin , Xie Chen

The rapid advancement of speech-to-speech (S2S) large language models (LLMs) has significantly improved real-time spoken interaction. However, current evaluation frameworks remain inadequate for assessing performance in complex, multi-turn…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Yuhao Du , Qianwei Huang , Guo Zhu , Zhanchen Dai , Shunian Chen , Qiming Zhu , Le Pan , Minghao Chen , Yuhao Zhang , Li Zhou , Benyou Wang , Haizhou Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) have displayed massive improvements in reasoning and decision-making skills and can hold natural conversations with users. Recently, many tool-use benchmark datasets have been proposed. However, existing…

Large Language Models (\textbf{LLMs}), e.g. ChatGPT, have been widely adopted in real-world dialogue applications. However, LLMs' robustness, especially in handling long complex dialogue sessions, including frequent motivation transfer,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Chenghao Yang , Yinbo Luo , Zhoufutu Wen , Qi Chu , Tao Gong , Longxiang Liu , Kaiyuan Zhang , Jianpeng Jiao , Ge Zhang , Wenhao Huang , Nenghai Yu

Recent advances in Speech Large Language Models (Speech LLMs) have led to great progress in speech understanding tasks such as Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) and Speech Emotion Recognition (SER). However, whether these models can…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Chen Li , Peiji Yang , Yicheng Zhong , Jianxing Yu , Zhisheng Wang , Zihao Gou , Wenqing Chen , Jian Yin

Spoken Language Understanding (SLU) plays a crucial role in speech-centric multimedia applications, enabling machines to comprehend spoken language in scenarios such as meetings, interviews, and customer service interactions. SLU…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-18 Zhichao Sheng , Shilin Zhou , Chen Gong , Zhenghua Li

Current researches on spoken language understanding (SLU) heavily are limited to a simple setting: the plain text-based SLU that takes the user utterance as input and generates its corresponding semantic frames (e.g., intent and slots).…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-13 Xiao Xu , Libo Qin , Kaiji Chen , Guoxing Wu , Linlin Li , Wanxiang Che

Large Audio-Language Models (LALMs) have demonstrated strong performance in audio understanding and generation. Yet, our extensive benchmarking reveals that their behavior is largely generic (e.g., summarizing spoken content) and fails to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Yuwen Wang , Xinyuan Qian , Tian-Hao Zhang , Jiaran Gao , Yuchen Pan , Xin Wang , Zhou Pan , Chen Wei , Yiming Wang

Spoken language understanding (SLU) is a core task in task-oriented dialogue systems, which aims at understanding the user's current goal through constructing semantic frames. SLU usually consists of two subtasks, including intent detection…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Xuxin Cheng , Wanshi Xu , Zhihong Zhu , Hongxiang Li , Yuexian Zou

The advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) has drastically enhanced dialogue systems. However, comprehensively evaluating the dialogue abilities of LLMs remains a challenge. Previous benchmarks have primarily focused on single-turn…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Ge Bai , Jie Liu , Xingyuan Bu , Yancheng He , Jiaheng Liu , Zhanhui Zhou , Zhuoran Lin , Wenbo Su , Tiezheng Ge , Bo Zheng , Wanli Ouyang

Speech large language models (SpeechLLMs) have extended human-machine interactions from the text modality to the dynamic speech domain. Spoken dialogues convey diverse information, including semantic concepts, acoustic variations,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Heyang Liu , Yuhao Wang , Ziyang Cheng , Hongcheng Liu , Yiqi Li , Yixuan Hou , Ronghua Wu , Qunshan Gu , Yanfeng Wang , Yu Wang

Spoken Dialogue Models (SDMs) have advanced rapidly, yet their ability to sustain genuinely interactive multi-turn conversations remains underexplored, as most benchmarks focus on single-turn exchanges. We introduce Multi-Bench, the first…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-04 Yayue Deng , Guoqiang Hu , Haiyang Sun , Xiangyu Zhang , Haoyang Zhang , Fei Tian , Xuerui Yang , Gang Yu , Eng Siong Chng

Large Audio-Language Models (LALMs) as judges have emerged as a prominent approach for evaluating speech generation quality, yet their ability to assess speaker consistency across multi-turn dialogues remains unexplored. We present…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Jonggeun Lee , Junseong Pyo , Gyuhyeon Seo , Yohan Jo

Understanding complete musical scores entails integrated reasoning over pitch, rhythm, harmony, and large-scale structure, yet the ability of Large Language Models and Vision--Language Models to interpret full musical notation remains…

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