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Central to the artificial life endeavour is the creation of artificial systems spontaneously generating properties found in the living world such as autopoiesis, self-replication, evolution and open-endedness. While numerous models and…
The immune system provides a rich metaphor for computer security: anomaly detection that works in nature should work for machines. However, early artificial immune system approaches for computer security had only limited success. Arguably,…
We describe a formal approach to identify 'root causes' of outliers observed in $n$ variables $X_1,\dots,X_n$ in a scenario where the causal relation between the variables is a known directed acyclic graph (DAG). To this end, we first…
In this paper, the author aims to establish a mathematical model for a mimic computer. To this end, a novel automaton is proposed. First, a one-dimensional cellular automaton is used for expressing some dynamic changes in the structure of a…
Any algorithm (in the sense of Gurevich's abstract-state-machine axiomatization of classical algorithms) operating over any arbitrary unordered domain can be simulated by a dynamic cellular automaton, that is, by a pattern-directed cellular…
We systematically study the boundaries of one-dimensional, 2-color cellular automata depending on 4 cells, begun from simple initial conditions. We determine the exact growth rates of the boundaries that appear to be reducible. Morphic…
We study a two-dimensional semi-totalistic binary cell-state cellular automaton, which imitates a reversible precipitation in an abstract chemical medium. The systems exhibits a non-trivial growth and nucleation. We demonstrate how basic…
This note is a survey of examples and results about cellular automata with the purpose of recalling that there is no 'universal' way of being computationally universal. In particular, we show how some cellular automata can embed efficient…
Animals exhibit an innate ability to learn regularities of the world through interaction. By performing experiments in their environment, they are able to discern the causal factors of variation and infer how they affect the world's…
Background: The idea that autocatalytic sets played an important role in the origin of life is not new. However, the likelihood of autocatalytic sets emerging spontaneously has long been debated. Recently, progress has been made along two…
Cellular automata are discrete and computational models thatcan be shown as general models of complexity. They are used in varied applications to derive the generalized behavior of the presented model. In this paper we have took one such…
The notions of universality and completeness are central in the theories of computation and computational complexity. However, proving lower bounds and necessary conditions remains hard in most of the cases. In this article, we introduce…
A transition from asymmetric to symmetric patterns in time-dependent extended systems is described. It is found that one dimensional cellular automata, started from fully random initial conditions, can be forced to evolve into complex…
From the formation of snowflakes to the evolution of diverse life forms, emergence is ubiquitous in our universe. In the quest to understand how complexity can arise from simple rules, abstract computational models, such as cellular…
Recent work in explanation generation for decision making agents has looked at how unexplained behavior of autonomous systems can be understood in terms of differences in the model of the system and the human's understanding of the same,…
Classification is the basis of cognition. Unlike other solutions, this study approaches it from the view of outliers. We present an expanding algorithm to detect outliers in univariate datasets, together with the underlying foundation. The…
This paper studies two kinds of simulation between cellular automata: simulations based on factor and simulations based on sub-automaton. We show that these two kinds of simulation behave in two opposite ways with respect to the complexity…
The development of effective knowledge discovery techniques has become in the recent few years a very active research area due to the important impact it has in several relevant application areas. One interesting task thereof is that of…
Modeling the immune system so that its essential functionalities stand out without the need for every molecular or cellular interaction to be taken into account has been challenging for many decades. Two competing approaches have been the…
Several cellular automata (CA) models have been developed to simulate self-organization of multiple levels of structures. However, they do not obey microscopic reversibility and conservation laws. In this paper, we describe the construction…