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Speech Emotion Recognition (SER) is widely deployed in Human-Computer Interaction, yet the high computational cost of conventional models hinders their implementation on resource-constrained edge devices. Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Xun Su , Huamin Wang , Qi Zhang

One of the most exciting advancements in AI over the last decade is the wide adoption of ANNs, such as DNN and CNN, in many real-world applications. However, the underlying massive amounts of computation and storage requirement greatly…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2018-03-15 Tao Liu , Lei Jiang , Yier Jin , Gang Quan , Wujie Wen

As neural networks get widespread adoption in resource-constrained embedded devices, there is a growing need for low-power neural systems. Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs)are emerging to be an energy-efficient alternative to the traditional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-01 Yeshwanth Venkatesha , Youngeun Kim , Leandros Tassiulas , Priyadarshini Panda

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) hold promise for energy-efficient, biologically inspired computing. We identify substantial informatio loss during spike transmission, linked to temporal dependencies in traditional Leaky Integrate-and-Fire…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Guobin Shen , Jindong Li , Tenglong Li , Dongcheng Zhao , Yi Zeng

We propose a Bayesian framework for training binary and spiking neural networks that achieves state-of-the-art performance without normalisation layers. Unlike commonly used surrogate gradient methods -- often heuristic and sensitive to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-26 James A. Walker , Moein Khajehnejad , Adeel Razi

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are highly energy-efficient due to event-driven, sparse computation, but their training is challenged by spike non-differentiability and trade-offs among performance, efficiency, and biological plausibility.…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Zihan Huang , Zijie Xu , Yihan Huang , Shanshan Jia , Tong Bu , Yiting Dong , Wenxuan Liu , Jianhao Ding , Zhaofei Yu , Tiejun Huang

Deep spiking neural networks (SNNs) have emerged as a potential alternative to traditional deep learning frameworks, due to their promise to provide increased compute efficiency on event-driven neuromorphic hardware. However, to perform…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-07-28 Souvik Kundu , Gourav Datta , Massoud Pedram , Peter A. Beerel

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) represent a promising approach in machine learning, combining the hierarchical learning capabilities of deep neural networks with the energy efficiency of spike-based computations. Traditional end-to-end…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Ruyin Wan , Qian Zhang , George Em Karniadakis

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) have emerged with promising energy-efficient property, yet a substantial performance gap persists compared to Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). This gap stems from at least two key limitations: first,…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Feifan Zhou , Xiang Wei , Yang Liu , Qiang Yu

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) promise orders-of-magnitude efficiency gains by communicating with sparse, event-driven spikes rather than dense numerical activations. However, most training pipelines either rely on surrogate-gradient…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Arman Ferdowsi , Atakan Aral

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) offer superior energy efficiency over Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). However, they encounter significant deficiencies in training and inference metrics when applied to Spiking Vision Transformers (S-ViTs).…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Zecheng Hao , Shenghao Xie , Kang Chen , Wenxuan Liu , Zhaofei Yu , Tiejun Huang

Spike-based Transformer presents a compelling and energy-efficient alternative to traditional Artificial Neural Network (ANN)-based Transformers, achieving impressive results through sparse binary computations. However, existing spike-based…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Donghyun Lee , Yuhang Li , Youngeun Kim , Shiting Xiao , Priyadarshini Panda

Reinforcement learning agents based on Transformer architectures have achieved impressive performance on sequential decision-making tasks, but their reliance on dense matrix operations makes them ill-suited for energy-constrained,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Vishal Pandey , Debasmita Biswas

Brain-inspired Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) have bio-plausibility and low-power advantages over Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). Applications of SNNs are currently limited to simple classification tasks because of their poor…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Xinhao Luo , Man Yao , Yuhong Chou , Bo Xu , Guoqi Li

Despite recent progress in training spiking neural networks (SNNs) for classification, their application to continuous motor control remains limited. Here, we demonstrate that fully spiking architectures can be trained end-to-end to control…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Justus Huebotter , Pablo Lanillos , Marcel van Gerven , Serge Thill

Graph representation learning is a fundamental research issue and benefits a wide range of applications on graph-structured data. Conventional artificial neural network-based methods such as graph neural networks (GNNs) and variational…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-11-04 Hanxuan Yang , Ruike Zhang , Qingchao Kong , Wenji Mao

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) are distributed trainable systems whose computing elements, or neurons, are characterized by internal analog dynamics and by digital and sparse synaptic communications. The sparsity of the synaptic spiking…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-08 Hyeryung Jang , Osvaldo Simeone , Brian Gardner , André Grüning

Intracortical brain-machine interfaces demand low-latency, energy-efficient solutions for neural decoding. Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) deployed on neuromorphic hardware have demonstrated remarkable efficiency in neural decoding by…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Francesca Rivelli , Martin Popov , Charalampos S. Kouzinopoulos , Guangzhi Tang

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) promise low-power event-driven computation for temporally rich tasks, but commonly used neuron models often trade off gradient-based trainability, dynamical richness, and high activity sparsity. These…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Alex Fulleda-Garcia , Saray Soldado-Magraner , Josep Maria Margarit-Taulé

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) aim to realize brain-inspired intelligence on neuromorphic chips with high energy efficiency by introducing neural dynamics and spike properties. As the emerging spiking deep learning paradigm attracts…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-10-26 Wei Fang , Yanqi Chen , Jianhao Ding , Zhaofei Yu , Timothée Masquelier , Ding Chen , Liwei Huang , Huihui Zhou , Guoqi Li , Yonghong Tian