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While LLMs have demonstrated remarkable potential in time series forecasting, their practical deployment remains constrained by excessive computational demands and memory footprints. Existing LLM-based approaches typically suffer from three…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Haoran Fan , Bin Li , Yixuan Weng , Shoujun Zhou

Multivariate time series forecasting requires models to simultaneously capture variable-wise structural dependencies and generalize across diverse tasks. While structural encoders are effective in modeling feature interactions, they lack…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Fengze Li , Yue Wang , Yangle Liu , Ming Huang , Dou Hong , Jieming Ma

Large language models (LLMs) have been applied in many fields and have developed rapidly in recent years. As a classic machine learning task, time series forecasting has recently been boosted by LLMs. Recent works treat large language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Hua Tang , Chong Zhang , Mingyu Jin , Qinkai Yu , Zhenting Wang , Xiaobo Jin , Yongfeng Zhang , Mengnan Du

Time series forecasting plays a critical role in decision-making across many real-world applications. Unlike data in vision and language domains, time series data is inherently tied to the evolution of underlying processes and can only…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Suhan Guo , Bingxu Wang , Shaodan Zhang , Furao Shen

Recently, remarkable progress has been made over large language models (LLMs), demonstrating their unprecedented capability in varieties of natural language tasks. However, completely training a large general-purpose model from the scratch…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Yushan Jiang , Zijie Pan , Xikun Zhang , Sahil Garg , Anderson Schneider , Yuriy Nevmyvaka , Dongjin Song

Time series data is fundamental to decision-making across many domains including healthcare, finance, power systems, and logistics. However, analyzing this data correctly often requires incorporating unstructured contextual information,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Felix Parker , Nimeesha Chan , Chi Zhang , Kimia Ghobadi

Traffic forecasting represents a crucial problem within intelligent transportation systems. In recent research, Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as a promising method, but their intrinsic design, tailored primarily for sequential…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Hyotaek Jeon , Hyunwook Lee , Juwon Kim , Sungahn Ko

Recent advancements in language modeling have shown promising results when applied to time series data. In particular, fine-tuning pre-trained large language models (LLMs) for time series classification tasks has achieved state-of-the-art…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Rachneet Kaur , Zhen Zeng , Tucker Balch , Manuela Veloso

Large Language Models (LLMs) have seen significant use in domains such as natural language processing and computer vision. Going beyond text, image and graphics, LLMs present a significant potential for analysis of time series data,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-08 Xiyuan Zhang , Ranak Roy Chowdhury , Rajesh K. Gupta , Jingbo Shang

Time series analysis is crucial in fields like finance, transportation, and industry. However, traditional models often focus solely on temporal features, limiting their ability to capture underlying information. This paper proposes a novel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Shule Hao , Junpeng Bao , Chuncheng Lu

In the burgeoning domain of Large Language Models (LLMs), there is a growing interest in applying LLM to time series forecasting, with multiple studies focused on leveraging textual prompts to further enhance the predictive prowess. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Peisong Niu , Tian Zhou , Xue Wang , Liang Sun , Rong Jin

Power system time series analytics is critical in understanding the system operation conditions and predicting the future trends. Despite the wide adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools, many AI-based time series analytical models…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-12 Zhenghao Zhou , Yiyan Li , Xinjie Yu , Runlong Liu , Zelin Guo , Zheng Yan , Mo-Yuen Chow , Yuqi Yang , Yang Xu

This paper presents a novel study on harnessing Large Language Models' (LLMs) outstanding knowledge and reasoning abilities for explainable financial time series forecasting. The application of machine learning models to financial time…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Xinli Yu , Zheng Chen , Yuan Ling , Shujing Dong , Zongyi Liu , Yanbin Lu

Token-based time series large language models (TS-LLMs) have emerged as a promising direction for time series analysis and reasoning. However, prior studies largely overlook the inherent continuity and ordinality of time series tokens,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Musheng Li , Ziying Zhang , Cheng jin , Yuantao Gu

Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated great potential in various data mining tasks, such as knowledge question answering, mathematical reasoning, and commonsense reasoning. However, the reasoning capability of LLMs on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-22 He Chang , Chenchen Ye , Zhulin Tao , Jie Wu , Zhengmao Yang , Yunshan Ma , Xianglin Huang , Tat-Seng Chua

Recent Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) demonstrate in-context learning ability to perform various functions based solely on the provided context, without updating model parameters. To fully utilize the in-context capabilities…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Jiecheng Lu , Yan Sun , Shihao Yang

Large language models (LLMs) have been introduced to time series forecasting (TSF) to incorporate contextual knowledge beyond numerical signals. However, existing studies question whether LLMs provide genuine benefits, often reporting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Xin Qiu , Junlong Tong , Yirong Sun , Yunpu Ma , Wei Zhang , Xiaoyu Shen

Temporal point processes (TPPs) are widely used to model the timing and occurrence of events in domains such as social networks, transportation systems, and e-commerce. In this paper, we introduce TPP-LLM, a novel framework that integrates…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Zefang Liu , Yinzhu Quan

Accurate analysis of industrial time-series big data is critical for the Prognostics and Health Management (PHM) of industrial equipment. While recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promise in time-series analysis,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Haiteng Wang , Yikang Li , Yunfei Zhu , Jingheng Yan , Lei Ren , Laurence T. Yang

Time series analysis provides essential insights for real-world system dynamics and informs downstream decision-making, yet most existing methods often overlook the rich contextual signals present in auxiliary modalities. To bridge this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Yushan Jiang , Wenchao Yu , Geon Lee , Dongjin Song , Kijung Shin , Wei Cheng , Yanchi Liu , Haifeng Chen