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Extracting structured information from clinical notes requires navigating a dense web of interdependent variables where the value of one attribute logically constrains others. Existing Large Language Model (LLM)-based extraction pipelines…

Sepsis is a life threatening medical condition that occurs when the body has an extreme response to infection, leading to widespread inflammation, organ failure, and potentially death. Because sepsis can worsen rapidly, early detection is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Oyindolapo O. Komolafe , Zhimin Mei , David Morales Zarate , Gregory William Spangenberg

Sepsis management in the ICU requires sequential treatment decisions under rapidly evolving patient physiology. Although large language models (LLMs) encode broad clinical knowledge and can reason over guidelines, they are not inherently…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Minghao Wu , Yuting Yan , Zhenyang Cai , Ke Ji , Chuangsen Fang , Ziying Sheng , Xidong Wang , Rongsheng Wang , Hejia Zhang , Shuang Li , Benyou Wang , Hongyuan Zha

Reinforcement learning (RL) has shown great success in estimating sequential treatment strategies which take into account patient heterogeneity. However, health-outcome information, which is used as the reward for reinforcement learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-24 Aaron Sonabend-W , Nilanjana Laha , Ashwin N. Ananthakrishnan , Tianxi Cai , Rajarshi Mukherjee

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have shown promise in medical applications such as disease diagnosis and treatment planning. However, most existing medical LLMs struggle with the deep reasoning required for complex…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Hongzhou Yu , Tianhao Cheng , Yingwen Wang , Wen He , Qing Wang , Ying Cheng , Yuejie Zhang , Rui Feng , Xiaobo Zhang

Multimodal large models have shown great potential in automating pathology image analysis. However, current multimodal models for gastrointestinal pathology are constrained by both data quality and reasoning transparency: pervasive noise…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-25 Minxi Ouyang , Lianghui Zhu , Yaqing Bao , Qiang Huang , Jingli Ouyang , Tian Guan , Xitong Ling , Jiawen Li , Song Duan , Wenbin Dai , Li Zheng , Xuemei Zhang , Yonghong He

Electronic health records (EHRs) store an extensive array of patient information, encompassing medical histories, diagnoses, treatments, and test outcomes. These records are crucial for enabling healthcare providers to make well-informed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-07 Yu-Neng Chuang , Ruixiang Tang , Xiaoqian Jiang , Xia Hu

Retrieving visual and textual information from medical literature and hospital records can enhance diagnostic accuracy for clinical image interpretation. However, multimodal retrieval-augmented diagnosis is highly challenging. We explore a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Nir Mazor , Tom Hope

Timely and personalized treatment decisions are essential across a wide range of healthcare settings where patient responses can vary significantly and evolve over time. Clinical data used to support these treatment decisions are often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Qianyi Xu , Gousia Habib , Feng Wu , Dilruk Perera , Mengling Feng

Developing 3D vision-language models with robust clinical reasoning remains a challenge due to the inherent complexity of volumetric medical imaging, the tendency of models to overfit superficial report patterns, and the lack of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Haoran Lai , Zihang Jiang , Kun Zhang , Qingsong Yao , Rongsheng Wang , Zhiyang He , Xiaodong Tao , Wei Wei , Shaohua Kevin Zhou

Language modeling have shown impressive progress in generating compelling text with good accuracy and high semantic coherence. An interesting research direction is to augment these powerful models for specific applications using contextual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-05 Sabri Boughorbel , Fethi Jarray , Abdulaziz Al Homaid , Rashid Niaz , Khalid Alyafei

Large language models (LLMs) holds significant promise in achieving general medication recommendation systems owing to their comprehensive interpretation of clinical notes and flexibility to medication encoding. We evaluated both…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Zihao Zhao , Chenxiao Fan , Junlong Liu , Zheng Wang , Xiangnan He , Chongming Gao , Juan Li , Fuli Feng

Current multimodal survival prediction methods typically rely on pathology images (WSIs) and genomic data, both of which are high-dimensional and redundant, making it difficult to extract discriminative features from them and align…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Chenyu Zhao , Yingxue Xu , Fengtao Zhou , Yihui Wang , Hao Chen

While Large Language Models (LLMs) are emerging as a promising direction in computational pathology, the substantial computational cost of giga-pixel Whole Slide Images (WSIs) necessitates the use of Multi-Instance Learning (MIL) to enable…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Zhenfeng Zhuang , Fangyu Zhou , Liansheng Wang

The growing integration of vision-language models (VLMs) in medical applications offers promising support for diagnostic reasoning. However, current medical VLMs often face limitations in generalization, transparency, and computational…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Tan-Hanh Pham , Chris Ngo

Previous research has revealed the potential of large language models (LLMs) to support cognitive reframing therapy; however, their focus was primarily on text-based methods, often overlooking the importance of non-verbal evidence crucial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Subin Kim , Hoonrae Kim , Heejin Do , Gary Geunbae Lee

Sepsis is a poorly understood and potentially life-threatening complication that can occur as a result of infection. Early detection and treatment improves patient outcomes, and as such it poses an important challenge in medicine. In this…

Lesion detection, symptom tracking, and visual explainability are central to real-world medical image analysis, yet current medical Vision-Language Models (VLMs) still lack mechanisms that translate their broad knowledge into clinically…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Woohyeon Park , Jaeik Kim , Sunghwan Steve Cho , Pa Hong , Wookyoung Jeong , Yoojin Nam , Namjoon Kim , Ginny Y. Wong , Ka Chun Cheung , Jaeyoung Do

Liver cirrhosis is a major global health problem causing millions of deaths annually, and timely detection with aggressive treatment can significantly improve patients' quality of life. Modelling complex diseases from biomedical data is…

Other Quantitative Biology · Quantitative Biology 2026-04-29 Xueyuan Huang , Yuheng Wang , Yuanzhi He , Siqi Gou , Lu Bai , Wenqian Wu , Peifeng Liu , Aijia Wang , Tianhui Fan , Ze Zhou , Jiayu Xu

Although Large Audio-Language Models (LALMs) have exhibited outstanding performance in auditory understanding, their performance in affective computing scenarios, particularly in emotion recognition, reasoning, and subtle sentiment…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Pengcheng Li , Botao Zhao , Zuheng Kang , Junqing Peng , Xiaoyang Qu , Yayun He , Jianzong Wang