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A group theoretic framework is introduced that simplifies the description of known quantum error-correcting codes and greatly facilitates the construction of new examples. Codes are given which map 3 qubits to 8 qubits correcting 1 error, 4…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-01-23 A. R. Calderbank , E. M Rains , P. W. Shor , N. J. A. Sloane

The study of holographic bulk-boundary dualities has led to the construction of novel quantum error correcting codes. Although these codes have shed new light on conceptual aspects of these dualities, they have widely been believed to lack…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-15 Matthew Steinberg , Junyu Fan , Jens Eisert , Sebastian Feld , Alexander Jahn , Chunjun Cao

We prove several theorems characterizing the existence of homological error correction codes both classically and quantumly. Not every classical code is homological, but we find a family of classical homological codes saturating the Hamming…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-11-26 H. Bombin , M. A. Martin-Delgado

The stabilizer code is the most general algebraic construction of quantum error-correcting codes proposed so far. A stabilizer code can be constructed from a self-orthogonal subspace of a symplectic space over a finite field. We propose a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-07-13 Ryutaroh Matsumoto

We introduce Graphical Algebraic Geometry (GAG), a family of diagrammatic languages extending the Graphical Linear Algebra programme. We construct several languages within this family and prove that they are universal and complete for the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-15 Dichuan Gao , Razin A. Shaikh , Aleks Kissinger

Some combinatorial designs, such as Hadamard matrices, have been extensively researched and are familiar to readers across the spectrum of Science and Engineering. They arise in diverse fields such as cryptography, communication theory, and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-11-08 Ronan Egan

Quantum error correction and symmetry arise in many areas of physics, including many-body systems, metrology in the presence of noise, fault-tolerant computation, and holographic quantum gravity. Here we study the compatibility of these two…

Symmetry is at the heart of coding theory. Codes with symmetry, especially cyclic codes, play an essential role in both theory and practical applications of classical error-correcting codes. Here we examine symmetry properties for codeword…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-12-30 Salman Beigi , Jianxin Chen , Markus Grassl , Zhengfeng Ji , Qiang Wang , Bei Zeng

Quantum error correction is the art of protecting fragile quantum information through suitable encoding and active interventions. After encoding $k$ logical qubits into $n>k$ physical qubits using a stabilizer code, this amounts to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-27 Eric J. Kuehnke , Kyano Levi , Joschka Roffe , Jens Eisert , Daniel Miller

The following open problems, which concern a fundamental limit on coding properties of quantum codes with realistic physical constraints, are analyzed and partially answered here: (a) the upper bound on code distances of quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-03-22 Beni Yoshida

We introduce a new graphical framework for designing quantum error correction codes based on classical principles. A key feature of this graphical language, over previous approaches, is that it is closely related to that of factor graphs or…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-02-11 Joschka Roffe , Stefan Zohren , Dominic Horsman , Nicholas Chancellor

Generalized bicycle (GB) codes have emerged as a promising class of quantum error-correcting codes with practical decoding capabilities. While numerous asymptotically good quantum codes and quantum low-density parity-check code…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-12 Olai Å. Mostad , Hsuan-Yin Lin , Eirik Rosnes , De-Shih Lee , Ching-Yi Lai

We report two analytical bounds for quantum error-correcting codes that do not have preexisting classical counterparts. Firstly the quantum Hamming and Singleton bounds are combined into a single tighter bound, and then the combined bound…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-05-27 Sixia Yu , C. H. Lai , C. H. Oh

Quantum states are very delicate, so it is likely some sort of quantum error correction will be necessary to build reliable quantum computers. The theory of quantum error-correcting codes has some close ties to and some striking differences…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Daniel Gottesman

We propose a geometry-driven quantum-inspired classification framework that integrates Correlation Group Structures (CGR), compact SWAP-test-based overlap estimation, and selective variational quantum decision modelling. Rather than…

We show how good quantum error-correcting codes can be constructed using generalized concatenation. The inner codes are quantum codes, the outer codes can be linear or nonlinear classical codes. Many new good codes are found, including both…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-06-01 Markus Grassl , Peter W. Shor , Bei Zeng

Self-orthogonal codes are a subclass of linear codes that are contained within their dual codes. Since self-orthogonal codes are widely used in quantum codes, lattice theory and linear complementary dual (LCD) codes, they have received…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Yaozong Zhang , Dabin Zheng , Xiaoqiang Wang

Variational quantum circuits are increasingly studied as continuous-function approximators, but quantum regression remains difficult to train when global losses, finite-shot stochasticity, and circuit-depth growth combine to produce weak or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Qingyu Meng , Yangshuai Wang

Errors are inevitable during all kinds quantum informational tasks and quantum error-correcting codes (QECCs) are powerful tools to fight various quantum noises. For standard QECCs physical systems have the same number of energy levels.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-05 Zhuo Wang , Sixia Yu , Heng Fan , C. H. Oh

The weighted-Hamming metric generalizes the Hamming metric by assigning different weights to blocks of coordinates. It is well-suited for applications such as coding over independent parallel channels, each of which has a different level of…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Sebastian Bitzer , Alberto Ravagnani , Violetta Weger