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Assertion-based verification (ABV) is a critical method to ensure logic designs comply with their architectural specifications. ABV requires assertions, which are generally converted from specifications through human interpretation by…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-11-25 Zhiyuan Yan , Wenji Fang , Mengming Li , Min Li , Shang Liu , Zhiyao Xie , Hongce Zhang

The security of computer systems typically relies on a hardware root of trust. As vulnerabilities in hardware can have severe implications on a system, there is a need for techniques to support security verification activities.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Rahul Kande , Hammond Pearce , Benjamin Tan , Brendan Dolan-Gavitt , Shailja Thakur , Ramesh Karri , Jeyavijayan Rajendran

Assertion-based verification (ABV) is a critical method for ensuring design circuits comply with their architectural specifications, which are typically described in natural language. This process often requires human interpretation by…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Wenji Fang , Mengming Li , Min Li , Zhiyuan Yan , Shang Liu , Hongce Zhang , Zhiyao Xie

Hardware verification is crucial in modern SoC design, consuming around 70% of development time. SystemVerilog assertions ensure correct functionality. However, existing industrial practices rely on manual efforts for assertion generation,…

Production assertions are statements embedded in the code to help developers validate their assumptions about the code. They assist developers in debugging, provide valuable documentation, and enhance code comprehension. Current research in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Mohammad Jalili Torkamani , Abhinav Sharma , Nikita Mehrotra , Rahul Purandare

Assertion-based verification (ABV) is a cornerstone of modern hardware design, yet manually translating design intent into formal SystemVerilog Assertions (SVAs) remains labor-intensive and error-prone. While Large Language Models (LLMs)…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Yuchao Wu , Wenji Fang , Jing Wang , Wenkai Li , Ziyan Guo , Zhiyao Xie

Assertions have been the de facto collateral for simulation-based and formal verification of hardware designs for over a decade. The quality of hardware verification, \ie, detection and diagnosis of corner-case design bugs, is critically…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Vaishnavi Pulavarthi , Deeksha Nandal , Soham Dan , Debjit Pal

Assertions have been the de facto collateral for simulation-based and formal verification of hardware designs for over a decade. The quality of hardware verification, i.e., detection and diagnosis of corner-case design bugs, is critically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Vaishnavi Pulavarthi , Deeksha Nandal , Soham Dan , Debjit Pal

Assertion-Based Verification (ABV) is a crucial method for ensuring that logic designs conform to their architectural specifications. However, existing assertion generation methods primarily rely on information either from the design…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Yonghao Wang , Jiaxin Zhou , Hongqin Lyu , Zhiteng Chao , Tiancheng Wang , Huawei Li

Program verifiers such as Dafny automate proofs by outsourcing them to an SMT solver. This automation is not perfect, however, and the solver often requires hints in the form of assertions, creating a burden for the proof engineer. In this…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Eric Mugnier , Emmanuel Anaya Gonzalez , Ranjit Jhala , Nadia Polikarpova , Yuanyuan Zhou

Assertion-based verification (ABV) is critical in ensuring that register-transfer level (RTL) designs conform to their functional specifications. SystemVerilog Assertions (SVA) effectively specify design properties, but writing and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Hongqin Lyu , Yunlin Du , Yonghao Wang , Zhiteng Chao , Tiancheng Wang , Huawei Li

Functional verification has become the most time-consuming phase in IC development, and Assertion-Based Verification (ABV) is key to reducing debugging time. However, existing LLM-based assertion generation methods typically pursue…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Yonghao Wang , Hongqin Lyu , Boling Chen , MinYang Bao , Wenchao Ding , Feng Gu , Zhiteng Chao , Jianan Mu , Kan Shi , Tiancheng Wang , Huawei Li

Formal Property Verification (FPV), using SystemVerilog Assertions (SVA), is crucial for ensuring the completeness of design with respect to the specification. However, writing SVA is a laborious task and has a steep learning curve. In this…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Mohammad Shahidzadeh , Behnam Ghavami , Steve Wilton , Lesley Shannon

Assertion-Based Verification (ABV) is critical for ensuring functional correctness in modern hardware systems. However, manually writing high-quality SVAs remains labor-intensive and error-prone. To bridge this gap, we propose AssertCoder,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Enyuan Tian , Yiwei Ci , Qiusong Yang , Yufeng Li , Zhichao Lyu

Assertion-based verification (ABV) serves as a crucial technique for ensuring that register-transfer level (RTL) designs adhere to their specifications. While Large Language Model (LLM) aided assertion generation approaches have recently…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Hongqin Lyu , Yonghao Wang , Yunlin Du , Mingyu Shi , Zhiteng Chao , Wenxing Li , Tiancheng Wang , Huawei Li

Recent advances in code generation have illuminated the potential of employing large language models (LLMs) for general-purpose programming languages such as Python and C++, opening new opportunities for automating software development and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Jiahao Gai , Hao Mark Chen , Zhican Wang , Hongyu Zhou , Wanru Zhao , Nicholas Lane , Hongxiang Fan

SystemVerilog Assertions (SVAs) play a critical role in detecting and debugging functional bugs in digital chip design. However, generating SVAs has traditionally been a manual, labor-intensive, and error-prone process. Recent advances in…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Fenghua Wu , Evan Pan , Rahul Kande , Michael Quinn , Aakash Tyagi , David Kebo Houngninou , Jeyavijayan Rajendran , Jiang Hu

Existing LLM-based automatic test generation methods mainly produce input and expected output pairs to categorize the intended behavior of correct programs. Although straightforward, these methods have limited diversity in generated tests…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Yujian Liu , Jiabao Ji , Yang Zhang , Wenbo Guo , Tommi Jaakkola , Shiyu Chang

Large language models (LLMs) have gained broad applications across various domains but still struggle with hallucinations. Currently, hallucinations occur frequently in the generation of factual content and pose a great challenge to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Zouying Cao , Yifei Yang , XiaoJing Li , Hai Zhao

Software testing is an essential part of the software lifecycle and requires a substantial amount of time and effort. It has been estimated that software developers spend close to 50% of their time on testing the code they write. For these…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-02-20 Cody Watson , Michele Tufano , Kevin Moran , Gabriele Bavota , Denys Poshyvanyk
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