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Reaction Coordinates (RCs) are indicators of hidden, low-dimensional mechanisms that govern the long-term behavior of high-dimensional stochastic processes. We present a novel and general variational characterization of optimal RCs and…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2021-09-23 Andreas Bittracher , Mattes Mollenhauer , Péter Koltai , Christof Schütte

Reaction coordinates (RCs) are the few essential coordinates of a protein that control its functional processes, such as allostery, enzymatic reaction, and conformational change. They are critical for understanding protein function and…

Biological Physics · Physics 2024-09-02 Ao Ma , Huiyu Li

Rare events such as conformational changes in biomolecules, phase transitions, and chemical reactions are central to the behavior of many physical systems, yet they are extremely difficult to study computationally because unbiased…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-16 Yuanqi Du , Jiajun He , Dinghuai Zhang , Eric Vanden-Eijnden , Carles Domingo-Enrich

Very often when studying non-equilibrium systems one is interested in analysing dynamical behaviour that occurs with very low probability, so called rare events. In practice, since rare events are by definition atypical, they are often…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-01-06 Dominic C. Rose , Jamie F. Mair , Juan P. Garrahan

Understanding kinetics including reaction pathways and associated transition rates is an important yet difficult problem in numerous chemical and biological systems especially in situations with multiple competing pathways. When these…

Computational Physics · Physics 2021-09-22 Sun-Ting Tsai , Zachary Smith , Pratyush Tiwary

In the study of rare events in complex systems with many degrees of freedom, a key element is to identify the reaction coordinates of a given process. Over recent years, a number of methods and protocols have been developed to extract the…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2015-10-27 Wenjin Li , Ao Ma

Reaction coordinates (RCs) are low-dimensional representations of complex dynamical systems that capture their long-term dynamics. In this work, we focus on the criteria of lumpability and decomposability, previously established for…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-09-16 Zhicheng Zhang , Ling Guo , Hao Wu

We present flow matching for reaction coordinates (FMRC), a novel deep learning algorithm designed to identify optimal reaction coordinates (RC) in biomolecular reversible dynamics. FMRC is based on the mathematical principles of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Mingyuan Zhang , Zhicheng Zhang , Hao Wu , Yong Wang

Trajectory optimization with contact-rich behaviors has recently gained attention for generating diverse locomotion behaviors without pre-specified ground contact sequences. However, these approaches rely on precise models of robot dynamics…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-09-29 Luke Drnach , Ye Zhao

Interpretable reaction coordinates are essential for understanding rare conformational transitions in molecular dynamics. The Atomistic Mechanism Of Rare Events in Molecular Dynamics (AMORE-MD) framework enhances interpretability of…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2026-02-27 Jakob J. Kresse , Alexander Sikorski , Marcus Weber

Iterative trajectory optimization techniques for non-linear dynamical systems are among the most powerful and sample-efficient methods of model-based reinforcement learning and approximate optimal control. By leveraging time-variant local…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-08-01 Onur Celik , Hany Abdulsamad , Jan Peters

Reaction coordinates are widely used throughout chemical physics to model and understand complex chemical transformations. We introduce a definition of the natural reaction coordinate, suitable for condensed phase and biomolecular systems,…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2017-03-08 Robert T. McGibbon , Brooke E. Husic , Vijay S. Pande

We propose a direct optimization framework for learning reduced and sparse chemical reaction networks (CRNs) from time-series trajectory data. In contrast to widely used indirect methods-such as those based on sparse identification of…

Molecular Networks · Quantitative Biology 2025-08-27 Maurice Filo , Mustafa Khammash

Understanding mechanisms of rare but important events in complex molecular systems, such as protein folding or ligand (un)binding, requires accurately mapping transition paths from an initial to a final state. The committor is the ideal…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2026-04-28 Rik S. Breebaart , Gianmarco Lazzeri , Roberto Covino , Peter G. Bolhuis

Identifying reaction coordinates(RCs) is an active area of research, given the crucial role RCs play in determining the progress of a chemical reaction. The choice of the reaction coordinate is often based on heuristic knowledge. However,…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2024-01-17 Abhijit Gupta

Most interesting problems in robotics (e.g., locomotion and manipulation) are realized through intermittent contact with the environment. Due to the perception and modeling errors, assuming an exact time for establishing contact with the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Haizhou Zhao , Majid Khadiv

Many models for complex phenomena use a model for strongly-interacting elements on a small scale to generate larger-scale simulations of some aspects of experimental realizations. These models may be agent-based (as in the case of discrete…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-09-10 Jeffrey D. Picka

Across many disciplines, chemical reaction networks (CRNs) are an established population model defined as a system of coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations. In many applications, for example, in systems biology and epidemiology,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-01-23 Kim G. Larsen , Daniele Toller , Mirco Tribastone , Max Tschaikowski , Andrea Vandin

Rare event simulation and estimation for systems in equilibrium are among the most challenging topics in molecular dynamics. As was shown by Jarzynski and others, nonequilibrium forcing can theoretically be used to obtain equilibrium rare…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2015-06-11 Carsten Hartmann , Christof Schütte

Robotic systems must be able to quickly and robustly make decisions when operating in uncertain and dynamic environments. While Reinforcement Learning (RL) can be used to compute optimal policies with little prior knowledge about the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2016-09-13 Yunpeng Pan , Xinyan Yan , Evangelos Theodorou , Byron Boots
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