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The Platonic Representation Hypothesis suggests that neural networks trained on different modalities (e.g., text and images) align and eventually converge toward the same representation of reality. If true, this has significant implications…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 A. Sophia Koepke , Daniil Zverev , Shiry Ginosar , Alexei A. Efros

Defeasible reasoning is a kind of reasoning where some generalisations may not be valid in all circumstances, that is general conclusions may fail in some cases. Various formalisms have been developed to model this kind of reasoning, which…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-06 Gabriele Sacco , Loris Bozzato , Oliver Kutz

The paper introduces a basic logic of knowledge and abduction by extending Levesque logic of only-knowing with an abduction modal operator defined via the combination of basic epistemic concepts. The upshot is an alternative approach to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Sanderson Molick , Vaishak Belle

Possibilistic logic has been proposed as a numerical formalism for reasoning with uncertainty. There has been interest in developing qualitative accounts of possibility, as well as an explanation of the relationship between possibility and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-03-25 Craig Boutilier

Belief systems are often treated as globally consistent sets of propositions or as scalar-valued probability distributions. Such representations tend to obscure the internal structure of belief, conflate external credibility with internal…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Saleh Nikooroo

This note is concerned with a formal analysis of the problem of non-monotonic reasoning in intelligent systems, especially when the uncertainty is taken into account in a quantitative way. A firm connection between logic and probability is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-04-05 Hung-Trung Nguyen

Standpoint logics offer unified modal logic-based formalisms for representing multiple heterogeneous viewpoints. At the same time, many non-monotonic reasoning frameworks can be naturally captured using modal logics, in particular using the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Piotr Gorczyca , Hannes Strass

We present some new methods for logical deduction, based on ideas from ground theory. Roughly speaking, in our calculi a typical deduction will proceed as follows: we first analyse the premiss down to its ultimate grounds; then we discard…

Logic · Mathematics 2022-08-09 Roderick Batchelor

We propose a principle for exploring context in machine learning models. Starting with a simple assumption that each observation may or may not depend on its context, a conditional probability distribution is decomposed into two parts:…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-23 Yun Zeng

We consider the problem of answering queries about formulas of first-order logic based on background knowledge partially represented explicitly as other formulas, and partially represented as examples independently drawn from a fixed…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-06-25 Vaishak Belle , Brendan Juba

Explainable artificial intelligence has rapidly emerged since lawmakers have started requiring interpretable models for safety-critical domains. Concept-based neural networks have arisen as explainable-by-design methods as they leverage…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-28 Pietro Barbiero , Gabriele Ciravegna , Francesco Giannini , Pietro Lió , Marco Gori , Stefano Melacci

This paper develops stable canonical rules for intuitionistic modal logics, which were first introduced for superintuitionistic logics and transitive nor mal modal logics in [1] and [2] respectively. We first prove that every in…

Logic · Mathematics 2026-02-11 Cheng Liao

Nonmonotonic logics are usually characterized by the presence of some notion of 'conditional' that fails monotonicity. Research on nonmonotonic logics is therefore largely concerned with the defeasibility of argument forms and the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2013-10-29 Katarina Britz , Ivan Varzinczak

Underlying any theory of physics is a layer of conceptual frames. They connect the mathematical structures used in theoretical models with physical phenomena, but they also constitute our fundamental assumptions about reality. Many of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-12-01 Thomas Filk , Albrecht von Mueller

We consider a modal logic that can formalise statements about uncertainty and beliefs such as `I think that my wallet is in the drawer rather than elsewhere' or `I am confused whether my appointment is on Monday or Tuesday'. To do that, we…

Logic · Mathematics 2025-12-01 Marta Bílková , Thomas M. Ferguson , Daniil Kozhemiachenko

For AI systems to garner widespread public acceptance, we must develop methods capable of explaining the decisions of black-box models such as neural networks. In this work, we identify two issues of current explanatory methods. First, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-12-06 Oana-Maria Camburu , Eleonora Giunchiglia , Jakob Foerster , Thomas Lukasiewicz , Phil Blunsom

Recent advances in artificial intelligence reveal the limits of purely predictive systems and call for a shift toward causal and collaborative reasoning. Drawing inspiration from the revolution of Grothendieck in mathematics, we introduce…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Gabriele D'Acunto , Claudio Battiloro

In this paper, we introduce a general family of sequent-style calculi over the modal language and its fragments to capture the essence of all constructively acceptable systems. Calling these calculi \emph{constructive}, we show that any…

Logic · Mathematics 2022-10-18 Amirhossein Akbar Tabatabai , Raheleh Jalali

In previous works, a tableau calculus has been defined, which constitutes a decision procedure for hybrid logic with the converse and global modalities and a restricted use of the binder. This work shows how to extend such a calculus to…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2013-12-11 Marta Cialdea Mayer

This paper proposes an approach to information-based logics using many-logic modal structures (MLMS). These structures can express accessibility relations between worlds with different underlying logics by anchoring them to a base lattice,…

Logic · Mathematics 2026-05-11 Manuel Martins , Abílio Rodrigues , Marcelo Coniglio , Alfredo Freire