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Offline Reinforcement Learning (RL), which operates solely on static datasets without further interactions with the environment, provides an appealing alternative to learning a safe and promising control policy. The prevailing methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Kun Wu , Yinuo Zhao , Zhiyuan Xu , Zhengping Che , Chengxiang Yin , Chi Harold Liu , Feiferi Feng , Jian Tang

This work studies a Reinforcement Learning (RL) problem in which we are given a set of trajectories collected with K baseline policies. Each of these policies can be quite suboptimal in isolation, and have strong performance in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Teodor V. Marinov , Alekh Agarwal , Mircea Trofin

We propose a multi-time-scale predictive representation learning method to efficiently learn robust driving policies in an offline manner that generalize well to novel road geometries, and damaged and distracting lane conditions which are…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-03-16 Daniel Graves , Nhat M. Nguyen , Kimia Hassanzadeh , Jun Jin , Jun Luo

Offline (or batch) reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms seek to learn an optimal policy from a fixed dataset without active data collection. Based on the composition of the offline dataset, two main categories of methods are used:…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Paria Rashidinejad , Banghua Zhu , Cong Ma , Jiantao Jiao , Stuart Russell

Conventional reinforcement learning (RL) needs an environment to collect fresh data, which is impractical when online interactions are costly. Offline RL provides an alternative solution by directly learning from the previously collected…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-15 Han Zheng , Xufang Luo , Pengfei Wei , Xuan Song , Dongsheng Li , Jing Jiang

The offline reinforcement learning (RL) paradigm provides a general recipe to convert static behavior datasets into policies that can perform better than the policy that collected the data. While policy constraints, conservatism, and other…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-19 Jianlan Luo , Perry Dong , Jeffrey Wu , Aviral Kumar , Xinyang Geng , Sergey Levine

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) offers a powerful paradigm for data-driven control. Compared to model-free approaches, offline model-based RL (MBRL) explicitly learns a world model from a static dataset and uses it as a surrogate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Jiayu Chen , Le Xu , Aravind Venugopal , Jeff Schneider

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) struggles in environments with rich and noisy inputs, where the agent only has access to a fixed dataset without environment interactions. Past works have proposed common workarounds based on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-01 Hongyu Zang , Xin Li , Jie Yu , Chen Liu , Riashat Islam , Remi Tachet Des Combes , Romain Laroche

We study the problem of offline Imitation Learning (IL) where an agent aims to learn an optimal expert behavior policy without additional online environment interactions. Instead, the agent is provided with a supplementary offline dataset…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-21 Haoran Xu , Xianyuan Zhan , Honglei Yin , Huiling Qin

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) tries to learn the near-optimal policy with recorded offline experience without online exploration. Current offline RL research includes: 1) generative modeling, i.e., approximating a policy using fixed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-23 Hua Wei , Deheng Ye , Zhao Liu , Hao Wu , Bo Yuan , Qiang Fu , Wei Yang , Zhenhui Li

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) defines the task of learning from a static logged dataset without continually interacting with the environment. The distribution shift between the learned policy and the behavior policy makes it necessary…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-22 Jiafei Lyu , Xiaoteng Ma , Xiu Li , Zongqing Lu

In offline reinforcement learning, a policy is learned using a static dataset in the absence of costly feedback from the environment. In contrast to the online setting, only using static datasets poses additional challenges, such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Marvin Alles , Philip Becker-Ehmck , Patrick van der Smagt , Maximilian Karl

Offline learning is a key part of making reinforcement learning (RL) useable in real systems. Offline RL looks at scenarios where there is data from a system's operation, but no direct access to the system when learning a policy. Recent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-18 Arthur Argenson , Gabriel Dulac-Arnold

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) faces a significant challenge of distribution shift. Model-free offline RL penalizes the Q value for out-of-distribution (OOD) data or constrains the policy closed to the behavior policy to tackle this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Xiao-Yin Liu , Xiao-Hu Zhou , Guotao Li , Hao Li , Mei-Jiang Gui , Tian-Yu Xiang , De-Xing Huang , Zeng-Guang Hou

Scaling Reinforcement Learning to in-the-wild social robot navigation is both data-intensive and unsafe, since policies must learn through direct interaction and inevitably encounter collisions. Offline Imitation learning (IL) avoids these…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-24 James R. Han , Mithun Vanniasinghe , Hshmat Sahak , Nicholas Rhinehart , Timothy D. Barfoot

Behavior Cloning (BC) is an effective imitation learning technique and has even been adopted in some safety-critical domains such as autonomous vehicles. BC trains a policy to mimic the behavior of an expert by using a dataset composed of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Shili Wu , Yizhao Jin , Puhua Niu , Aniruddha Datta , Sean B. Andersson

Imitation learning (IL) is a simple and powerful way to use high-quality human driving data, which can be collected at scale, to produce human-like behavior. However, policies based on imitation learning alone often fail to sufficiently…

Implementing an autonomous vehicle that is able to output feasible, smooth and efficient trajectories is a long-standing challenge. Several approaches have been considered, roughly falling under two categories: rule-based and learning-based…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-03-22 Branka Mirchevska , Moritz Werling , Joschka Boedecker

Offline reinforcement learning enables sample-efficient policy acquisition without risky online interaction, yet policies trained on static datasets remain brittle under action-space perturbations such as actuator faults. This study…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Shingo Ayabe , Hiroshi Kera , Kazuhiko Kawamoto

Behavior cloning of expert demonstrations can speed up learning optimal policies in a more sample-efficient way over reinforcement learning. However, the policy cannot extrapolate well to unseen states outside of the demonstration data,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-19 Jung Yeon Park , Lawson L. S. Wong