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Purpose: (1) To develop a deep learning algorithm to automatically segment structures of the optic nerve head (ONH) and macula in 3D wide-field optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans; (2) To assess whether 3D macula or ONH structures (or…

Volumetric cell segmentation in fluorescence microscopy images is important to study a wide variety of cellular processes. Applications range from the analysis of cancer cells to behavioral studies of cells in the embryonic stage. Like in…

Medical images such as 3D computerized tomography (CT) scans and pathology images, have hundreds of millions or billions of voxels/pixels. It is infeasible to train CNN models directly on such high resolution images, because neural…

Fully Convolutional Neural Networks (FCNNs) with contracting and expanding paths have shown prominence for the majority of medical image segmentation applications since the past decade. In FCNNs, the encoder plays an integral role by…

Physicians use Capsule Endoscopy (CE) as a non-invasive and non-surgical procedure to examine the entire gastrointestinal (GI) tract for diseases and abnormalities. A single CE examination could last between 8 to 11 hours generating up to…

In this article, we look into some essential aspects of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) with the focus on medical image segmentation. First, we discuss the CNN architecture, thereby highlighting the spatial origin of the data,…

Accurate medical image segmentation requires effective modeling of both long-range dependencies and fine-grained boundary details. While transformers mitigate the issue of insufficient semantic information arising from the limited receptive…

The segmentation of organs in volumetric medical images plays an important role in computer-aided diagnosis and treatment/surgery planning. Conventional 2D convolutional neural networks (CNNs) can hardly exploit the spatial correlation of…

Segmentation is essential for medical image analysis tasks such as intervention planning, therapy guidance, diagnosis, treatment decisions. Deep learning is becoming increasingly prominent for segmentation, where the lack of annotations,…

Precise segmentation of knee tissues from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is critical in quantitative imaging and diagnosis. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs), which are state of the art, have limitations owing to the lack of…

Cardiovascular disease remains a predominant global health concern, responsible for a significant portion of mortality worldwide. Accurate segmentation of cardiac medical imaging data is pivotal in mitigating fatality rates associated with…

Real-time cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays an increasingly important role in guiding various cardiac interventions. In order to provide better visual assistance, the cine MRI frames need to be segmented on-the-fly to avoid…

Segmentation of magnetic resonance (MR) images is a fundamental step in many medical imaging-based applications. The recent implementation of deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in image processing has been shown to have significant…

Most of the Neural Cellular Automata (NCAs) defined in the literature have a common theme: they are based on regular grids with a Moore neighborhood (one-hop neighbour). They do not take into account long-range connections and more complex…

The medical image is characterized by the inter-class indistinction, high variability, and noise, where the recognition of pixels is challenging. Unlike previous self-attention based methods that capture context information from one level,…

Convolutional neural network (CNN), in particular the Unet, is a powerful method for medical image segmentation. To date Unet has demonstrated state-of-art performance in many complex medical image segmentation tasks, especially under the…

Accurate segmentation of anatomical structures and abnormalities in medical images is crucial for computer-aided diagnosis and analysis. While deep learning techniques excel at this task, their computational demands pose challenges.…

One of the most common tasks in medical imaging is semantic segmentation. Achieving this segmentation automatically has been an active area of research, but the task has been proven very challenging due to the large variation of anatomy…

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and transformers are widely employed in constructing UNet architectures for medical image segmentation tasks. However, CNNs struggle to model long-range dependencies, while transformers suffer from…

Fully convolutional networks (FCNs), including UNet and VNet, are widely-used network architectures for semantic segmentation in recent studies. However, conventional FCN is typically trained by the cross-entropy or Dice loss, which only…