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One challenge for dialogue agents is recognizing feelings in the conversation partner and replying accordingly, a key communicative skill. While it is straightforward for humans to recognize and acknowledge others' feelings in a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-08-30 Hannah Rashkin , Eric Michael Smith , Margaret Li , Y-Lan Boureau

Autonomous agents powered by large language models (LLMs) promise to accelerate scientific discovery end-to-end, but rigorously evaluating their capacity for verifiable discovery remains a central challenge. Existing benchmarks face a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Zhen Wang , Fan Bai , Zhongyan Luo , Jinyan Su , Kaiser Sun , Xinle Yu , Jieyuan Liu , Kun Zhou , Claire Cardie , Mark Dredze , Eric P. Xing , Zhiting Hu

While previous AI Scientist systems can generate novel findings, they often lack the focus to produce scientifically valuable contributions that address pressing human-defined challenges. We introduce DeepScientist, a system designed to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Yixuan Weng , Minjun Zhu , Qiujie Xie , Qiyao Sun , Zhen Lin , Sifan Liu , Yue Zhang

The explosive growth of AI and machine learning literature -- with venues like NeurIPS and ICLR now accepting thousands of papers annually -- has made comprehensive citation coverage increasingly difficult for researchers. While citation…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Md Toyaha Rahman Ratul , Zhiqian Chen , Kaiqun Fu , Taoran Ji , Lei Zhang

The emergence of large language models has catalyzed two distinct yet interconnected paradigms in artificial intelligence: standalone AI Agents and collaborative Agentic AI ecosystems. This comprehensive study establishes a definitive…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Prashik Buddhaghosh Bansod

Research around AI for Science has seen significant success since the rise of deep learning models over the past decade, even with longstanding challenges such as protein structure prediction. However, this fast development inevitably made…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-12-27 Kieran Didi , Matej Zečević

Large language models (LLMs) integrated with autonomous agents hold significant potential for advancing scientific discovery through automated reasoning and task execution. However, applying LLM agents to drug discovery is still constrained…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Kun Li , Zhennan Wu , Shoupeng Wang , Jia Wu , Shirui Pan , Wenbin Hu

Deep research agents extend the role of search engines from retrieving keyword-matched pages to synthesizing knowledge, fundamentally changing how humans interact with information. However, frontier systems remain proprietary, while…

LLM-powered multi-agent systems can now automate the full research pipeline from ideation to paper writing, but a fundamental question remains: automation for whom? Researchers operate under different resource configurations, hold different…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Jinhang Xu , Qiyuan Zhu , Yujun Wu , Zirui Wang , Dongxu Zhang , Marcia Tian , Yiling Duan , Siyuan Li , Jingxuan Wei , Sirui Han , Yike Guo , Odin Zhang , Conghui He , Cheng Tan

Many benchmarks for automated causal inference evaluate a system's performance based on a single numerical output, such as an Average Treatment Effect (ATE). This approach conflates two distinct steps in causal analysis: identification -…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Ayush Sawarni , Jiyuan Tan , Vasilis Syrgkanis

Despite their substantial successes, AI agents continue to face fundamental challenges in terms of trustworthiness. Consider deep research agents, tasked with searching for information relevant to a given topic-while AI agents can perform…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Remy Kim , Minseung Lee , Shuo Li , Osbert Bastani

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in complex reasoning tasks, particularly when augmented with search mechanisms that enable systematic exploration of external knowledge bases. The field has evolved from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Yanming Liu , Xinyue Peng , Zixuan Yan , Yanxin Shen , Wenjie Xu , Yuefeng Huang , Xinyi Wang , Jiannan Cao , Jianwei Yin , Xuhong Zhang

Autonomous data analysis agents are increasingly expected to conduct exploratory analysis with limited human guidance about data. However, existing benchmarks typically evaluate such agents in prior-guided settings, providing selected data…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Qiaohong Zhang , Weihao Ye , Jialong Chen , Yi Luo , BoYuan Li , Bowen Deng , Zibin Zheng , Jianhao Lin , Wei-Shi Zheng , Chuan Chen

In recent years, multi-agent frameworks powered by large language models (LLMs) have advanced rapidly. Despite this progress, there is still a notable absence of benchmark datasets specifically tailored to evaluate their performance. To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Lei Shen , Xiaoyu Shen

The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into healthcare is constrained by knowledge limitations, hallucinations, and a disconnect from Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM). While Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) offers a solution,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Qiaoyu Zheng , Yuze Sun , Chaoyi Wu , Weike Zhao , Pengcheng Qiu , Yongguo Yu , Kun Sun , Jian Zhang , Yanfeng Wang , Ya Zhang , Weidi Xie

In this paper, we ask the research question of whether all the datasets in the benchmark are necessary. We approach this by first characterizing the distinguishability of datasets when comparing different systems. Experiments on 9 datasets…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-05 Yang Xiao , Jinlan Fu , See-Kiong Ng , Pengfei Liu

In the era of data-driven decision-making, the complexity of data analysis necessitates advanced expertise and tools of data science, presenting significant challenges even for specialists. Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-28 Yuge Zhang , Qiyang Jiang , Xingyu Han , Nan Chen , Yuqing Yang , Kan Ren

Conversational search is an approach to information retrieval (IR), where users engage in a dialogue with an agent in order to satisfy their information needs. Previous conceptual work described properties and actions a good agent should…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-12-11 Gustavo Penha , Alexandru Balan , Claudia Hauff

Dataset search is a well-established task in the Semantic Web and information retrieval research. Current approaches retrieve datasets either based on keyword queries or by identifying datasets similar to a given target dataset. These…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Qing Shi , Jing He , Qiaosheng Chen , Gong Cheng

Autonomous AI is no longer a hard-to-reach concept, it enables the agents to move beyond executing tasks to independently addressing complex problems, adapting to change while handling the uncertainty of the environment. However, what makes…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-05-12 Zinan Liu , Haoran Li , Jingyi Lu , Gaoyuan Ma , Xu Hong , Giovanni Iacca , Arvind Kumar , Shaojun Tang , Lin Wang