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The Multi-Modal Large Language Model (MLLM) refers to an extension of the Large Language Model (LLM) equipped with the capability to receive and infer multi-modal data. Spatial awareness stands as one of the crucial abilities of MLLM,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-02 Yongqiang Zhao , Zhenyu Li , Zhi Jin , Feng Zhang , Haiyan Zhao , Chengfeng Dou , Zhengwei Tao , Xinhai Xu , Donghong Liu

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) require comprehensive visual inputs to achieve dense understanding of the physical world. While existing MLLMs demonstrate impressive world understanding capabilities through limited field-of-view…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Yikang Zhou , Tao Zhang , Dizhe Zhang , Shunping Ji , Xiangtai Li , Lu Qi

We propose a method to fuse frozen text-only large language models (LLMs) with pre-trained image encoder and decoder models, by mapping between their embedding spaces. Our model demonstrates a wide suite of multimodal capabilities: image…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-16 Jing Yu Koh , Daniel Fried , Ruslan Salakhutdinov

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success across diverse applications, yet their deployment remains challenging due to substantial computational costs, memory requirements, and energy consumption. Recent empirical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Kaito Tanaka , Masato Ito , Yuji Nishimura , Keisuke Matsuda , Aya Nakayama

Large language models (LLMs) have shown great success in text modeling tasks across domains. However, natural language exhibits inherent semantic hierarchies and nuanced geometric structure, which current LLMs do not capture completely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Neil He , Rishabh Anand , Hiren Madhu , Ali Maatouk , Smita Krishnaswamy , Leandros Tassiulas , Menglin Yang , Rex Ying

Recent generalist vision-language models (VLMs) have demonstrated impressive reasoning capabilities across diverse multimodal tasks. However, these models still struggle with fine-grained object-level understanding and grounding. In terms…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Timothy Ossowski , Junjie Hu

Recent advances in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have achieved remarkable progress in general domains and demonstrated promise in multimodal mathematical reasoning. However, applying MLLMs to geometry problem solving (GPS)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Yicheng Pan , Zhenrong Zhang , Pengfei Hu , Jiefeng Ma , Jun Du , Jianshu Zhang , Quan Liu , Jianqing Gao , Feng Ma

The Expectation--Maximization (EM) algorithm is a simple meta-algorithm that has been used for many years as a methodology for statistical inference when there are missing measurements in the observed data or when the data is composed of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-11-15 Hideitsu Hino , Shotaro Akaho , Noboru Murata

Geometry problem-solving remains a significant challenge for Large Multimodal Models (LMMs), requiring not only global shape recognition but also attention to intricate local relationships related to geometric theory. To address this, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Linger Deng , Yuliang Liu , Wenwen Yu , Zujia Zhang , Jianzhong Ju , Zhenbo Luo , Xiang Bai

Entity matching is the task of deciding whether two entity descriptions refer to the same real-world entity. Entity matching is a central step in most data integration pipelines. Many state-of-the-art entity matching methods rely on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Ralph Peeters , Aaron Steiner , Christian Bizer

Contemporary large language models (LLMs), such as GPT-4 and Llama, have harnessed extensive computational power and diverse text corpora to achieve remarkable proficiency in interpreting and generating domain-specific content, including…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Tianren Zhang , Dai-Bei Yang

We introduce the first learning-based dense matching algorithm, termed Equirectangular Projection-Oriented Dense Kernelized Feature Matching (EDM), specifically designed for omnidirectional images. Equirectangular projection (ERP) images,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Dongki Jung , Jaehoon Choi , Yonghan Lee , Somi Jeong , Taejae Lee , Dinesh Manocha , Suyong Yeon

The scaling of Large Language Models (LLMs) is increasingly limited by data quality. Most methods handle data mixing and sample selection separately, which can break the structure in code corpora. We introduce \textbf{UniGeM}, a framework…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Changhao Wang , Yunfei Yu , Xinhao Yao , Jiaolong Yang , Riccardo Cantoro , Chaobo Li , Qing Cui , Jun Zhou

Modern large language models (LLMs) excel at tasks that require storing and retrieving knowledge, such as factual recall and question answering. Transformers are central to this capability because they can encode information during training…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-18 Nuri Mert Vural , Alberto Bietti , Mahdi Soltanolkotabi , Denny Wu

Large language model (LLM) agents exhibit strong mathematical problem-solving abilities and can even solve International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO) level problems with the assistance of formal proof systems. However, due to weak heuristics…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Haiteng Zhao , Junhao Shen , Yiming Zhang , Songyang Gao , Kuikun Liu , Tianyou Ma , Fan Zheng , Dahua Lin , Wenwei Zhang , Kai Chen

Real-world applications, such as autonomous driving and humanoid robot manipulation, require precise spatial perception. However, it remains underexplored how Vision-Language Models (VLMs) recognize spatial relationships and perceive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Fei Kong , Jinhao Duan , Kaidi Xu , Zhenhua Guo , Xiaofeng Zhu , Xiaoshuang Shi

Geometric and Topological Deep Learning are rapidly growing research areas that enhance machine learning through the use of geometric and topological structures. Within this framework, Group Equivariant Non-Expansive Operators (GENEOs) have…

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2026-01-14 Francesco Conti , Patrizio Frosini , Nicola Quercioli

The mainstream paradigm of remote sensing image interpretation has long been dominated by vision-centered models, which rely on visual features for semantic understanding. However, these models face inherent limitations in handling…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Haifeng Li , Wang Guo , Haiyang Wu , Mengwei Wu , Jipeng Zhang , Qing Zhu , Yu Liu , Xin Huang , Chao Tao

Understanding 3D spatial relationships remains a major limitation of current Vision-Language Models (VLMs). Prior work has addressed this issue by creating spatial question-answering (QA) datasets based on single images or indoor videos.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Mohsen Gholami , Ahmad Rezaei , Zhou Weimin , Sitong Mao , Shunbo Zhou , Yong Zhang , Mohammad Akbari

Entity resolution (ER) is the process of identifying records that refer to the same entities within one or across multiple databases. Numerous techniques have been developed to tackle ER challenges over the years, with recent emphasis…

Databases · Computer Science 2023-11-14 George Papadakis , Nishadi Kirielle , Peter Christen , Themis Palpanas