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Machine unlearning has emerged as a critical capability for addressing privacy, safety, and regulatory concerns in large language models (LLMs). Existing methods operate at the sequence level, applying uniform updates across all tokens…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Jiawei Wu , Doudou Zhou

Given the prevalence of large language models (LLMs) and the prohibitive cost of training these models from scratch, dynamically forgetting specific knowledge e.g., private or proprietary, without retraining the model has become an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-09 Tyler Lizzo , Larry Heck

Large Language Models (LLMs) often memorize sensitive or harmful information, necessitating effective machine unlearning techniques. While existing parameter-efficient unlearning methods have shown promise, they still struggle with the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Zeguan Xiao , Lang Mo , Yun Chen , Lei Yang , Jiehui Zhao , Lili Yang , Guanhua Chen

Machine unlearning aims to remove the influence of specific training data from a model without requiring full retraining. This capability is crucial for ensuring privacy, safety, and regulatory compliance. Therefore, verifying whether a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Liran Cohen , Yaniv Nemcovesky , Avi Mendelson

Current unlearning methods for large language models usually rely on reverse optimization to reduce target token probabilities. However, this paradigm disrupts the subsequent tokens prediction, degrading model performance and linguistic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Haoming Xu , Ningyuan Zhao , Liming Yang , Sendong Zhao , Shumin Deng , Mengru Wang , Bryan Hooi , Nay Oo , Huajun Chen , Ningyu Zhang

Driven by privacy protection laws and regulations, unlearning in Large Language Models (LLMs) is gaining increasing attention. However, current research often neglects the interpretability of the unlearning process, particularly concerning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Xiaohua Feng , Yuyuan Li , Chengye Wang , Junlin Liu , Li Zhang , Chaochao Chen

Machine unlearning has the potential to improve the safety of large language models (LLMs) by removing sensitive or harmful information post hoc. A key challenge in unlearning involves balancing between forget quality (effectively…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Shengyuan Hu , Neil Kale , Pratiksha Thaker , Yiwei Fu , Steven Wu , Virginia Smith

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong capabilities in memorizing vast amounts of knowledge across diverse domains. However, the ability to selectively forget specific knowledge is critical for ensuring the safety and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Zhijie Deng , Chris Yuhao Liu , Zirui Pang , Xinlei He , Lei Feng , Qi Xuan , Zhaowei Zhu , Jiaheng Wei

This study investigates the concept of the `right to be forgotten' within the context of large language models (LLMs). We explore machine unlearning as a pivotal solution, with a focus on pre-trained models--a notably under-researched area.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Jin Yao , Eli Chien , Minxin Du , Xinyao Niu , Tianhao Wang , Zezhou Cheng , Xiang Yue

Large Language Models (LLMs) trained on extensive datasets often learn sensitive information, which raises significant social and legal concerns under principles such as the "Right to be forgotten." Retraining entire models from scratch to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Kun-Woo Kim , Ji-Hoon Park , Ju-Min Han , Seong-Whan Lee

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit remarkable generative capabilities but raise ethical and security concerns by memorizing sensitive data, reinforcing biases, and producing harmful content. These risks have spurred interest in LLM…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Changsheng Wang , Yihua Zhang , Dennis Wei , Jinghan Jia , Pin-Yu Chen , Sijia Liu

Large language model (LLM) unlearning has demonstrated its essential role in removing privacy and copyright-related responses, crucial for their legal and safe applications. However, the pursuit of complete unlearning often comes with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Yue Wang , Qizhou Wang , Feng Liu , Wei Huang , Yali Du , Xiaojiang Du , Bo Han

The deployment of large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT and Gemini has shown their powerful natural language generation capabilities. However, these models can inadvertently learn and retain sensitive information and harmful content…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Shang Wang , Tianqing Zhu , Dayong Ye , Wanlei Zhou

Machine unlearning (MU) seeks to remove knowledge of specific data samples from trained models without the necessity for complete retraining, a task made challenging by the dual objectives of effective erasure of data and maintaining the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Mark He Huang , Lin Geng Foo , Jun Liu

Unlearning in large language models is becoming increasingly important due to regulatory compliance, copyright protection, and privacy concerns. However, a key challenge in LLM unlearning is unintended forgetting, where the removal of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Peizhi Niu , Evelyn Ma , Huiting Zhou , Duo Zhou , Huan Zhang , S. Rasoul Etesami , Olgica Milenkovic

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong reasoning and memorization capabilities via pretraining on massive textual corpora. However, this poses risk of privacy and copyright violations, highlighting the need for efficient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Sungmin Cha , Sungjun Cho , Dasol Hwang , Moontae Lee

Unlearning has been proposed to remove copyrighted and privacy-sensitive data from Large Language Models (LLMs). Existing approaches primarily rely on fine-tuning-based methods, which can be categorized into gradient ascent-based (GA-based)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Jie Ren , Zhenwei Dai , Xianfeng Tang , Hui Liu , Jingying Zeng , Zhen Li , Rahul Goutam , Suhang Wang , Yue Xing , Qi He , Hui Liu

Machine unlearning in the domain of large language models (LLMs) has attracted great attention recently, which aims to effectively eliminate undesirable behaviors from LLMs without full retraining from scratch. In this paper, we explore the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Zibin Pan , Shuwen Zhang , Yuesheng Zheng , Chi Li , Yuheng Cheng , Junhua Zhao

Recent data-privacy laws have sparked interest in machine unlearning, which involves removing the effect of specific training samples from a learnt model as if they were never present in the original training dataset. The challenge of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-08 Tuan Hoang , Santu Rana , Sunil Gupta , Svetha Venkatesh

The undesired memorization of sensitive information by Large Language Models (LLMs) has emphasized the need for safety mechanisms that can regulate model behavior. This has led to the development of machine unlearning techniques that enable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Anu Agarwal , Mihir Pamnani , Dilek Hakkani-Tur
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