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The rise of machine learning (ML) is accompanied by several high-profile cases that have stressed the need for fairness, accountability, explainability and trust in ML systems. The existing literature has largely focused on fully automated…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-06-14 Bhavya Ghai

There is increasing regulatory interest in whether machine learning algorithms deployed in consequential domains (e.g. in criminal justice) treat different demographic groups "fairly." However, there are several proposed notions of…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2020-02-19 Christopher Jung , Sampath Kannan , Changhwa Lee , Mallesh M. Pai , Aaron Roth , Rakesh Vohra

Ensuring that machine learning (ML) models are safe, effective, and equitable across all patients is critical for clinical decision-making and for preventing the amplification of existing health disparities. In this work, we examine how…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Jianhui Gao , Benson Chou , Zachary R. McCaw , Hilary Thurston , Paul Varghese , Chuan Hong , Jessica Gronsbell

Training ML models which are fair across different demographic groups is of critical importance due to the increased integration of ML in crucial decision-making scenarios such as healthcare and recruitment. Federated learning has been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-28 Yahya H. Ezzeldin , Shen Yan , Chaoyang He , Emilio Ferrara , Salman Avestimehr

Machine learning (ML) is increasingly being used in high-stakes applications impacting society. Therefore, it is of critical importance that ML models do not propagate discrimination. Collecting accurate labeled data in societal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-01 Hadis Anahideh , Abolfazl Asudeh , Saravanan Thirumuruganathan

As Machine Learning technologies become increasingly used in contexts that affect citizens, companies as well as researchers need to be confident that their application of these methods will not have unexpected social implications, such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Simon Caton , Christian Haas

Existing work on fairness typically focuses on making known machine learning algorithms fairer. Fair variants of classification, clustering, outlier detection and other styles of algorithms exist. However, an understudied area is the topic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-09-27 Ian Davidson , S. S. Ravi

Machine Learning algorithms (ML) impact virtually every aspect of human lives and have found use across diverse sectors including healthcare, finance, and education. Often, ML algorithms have been found to exacerbate societal biases present…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Jonathan Vasquez , Carlotta Domeniconi , Huzefa Rangwala

As machine learning (ML) systems get adopted in more critical areas, it has become increasingly crucial to address the bias that could occur in these systems. Several fairness pre-processing algorithms are available to alleviate implicit…

The integration of AI in education holds immense potential for personalizing learning experiences and transforming instructional practices. However, AI systems can inadvertently encode and amplify biases present in educational data, leading…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Zhipeng Yin , Sribala Vidyadhari Chinta , Zichong Wang , Matthew Gonzalez , Wenbin Zhang

In order to monitor and prevent bias in AI systems we can use a wide range of (statistical) fairness measures. However, it is mathematically impossible to optimize for all of these measures at the same time. In addition, optimizing a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-07-18 Stefan Buijsman

Algorithmic fairness of machine learning (ML) models has raised significant concern in the recent years. Many testing, verification, and bias mitigation techniques have been proposed to identify and reduce fairness issues in ML models. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-06 Yining She , Sumon Biswas , Christian Kästner , Eunsuk Kang

With the rapid advancement of AI, there is a growing trend to integrate AI into decision-making processes. However, AI systems may exhibit biases that lead decision-makers to draw unfair conclusions. Notably, the COMPAS system used in the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-09-12 Chih-Cheng Rex Yuan , Bow-Yaw Wang

One of the difficulties of artificial intelligence is to ensure that model decisions are fair and free of bias. In research, datasets, metrics, techniques, and tools are applied to detect and mitigate algorithmic unfairness and bias. This…

As machine learning (ML) algorithms are increasingly used in medical image analysis, concerns have emerged about their potential biases against certain social groups. Although many approaches have been proposed to ensure the fairness of ML…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Thai-Hoang Pham , Jiayuan Chen , Seungyeon Lee , Yuanlong Wang , Sayoko Moroi , Xueru Zhang , Ping Zhang

Algorithmic decision making systems are ubiquitous across a wide variety of online as well as offline services. These systems rely on complex learning methods and vast amounts of data to optimize the service functionality, satisfaction of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-03-27 Muhammad Bilal Zafar , Isabel Valera , Manuel Gomez Rodriguez , Krishna P. Gummadi

Motivated by the growing importance of reducing unfairness in ML predictions, Fair-ML researchers have presented an extensive suite of algorithmic 'fairness-enhancing' remedies. Most existing algorithms, however, are agnostic to the sources…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-14 Nil-Jana Akpinar , Manish Nagireddy , Logan Stapleton , Hao-Fei Cheng , Haiyi Zhu , Steven Wu , Hoda Heidari

As machine learning (ML) algorithms are used in applications that involve humans, concerns have arisen that these algorithms may be biased against certain social groups. \textit{Counterfactual fairness} (CF) is a fairness notion proposed in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Zhiqun Zuo , Tian Xie , Xuwei Tan , Xueru Zhang , Mohammad Mahdi Khalili

Fairness in machine learning (ML) applications is an important practice for developers in research and industry. In ML applications, unfairness is triggered due to bias in the data, curation process, erroneous assumptions, and implicit bias…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-10 Anoop Mishra , Deepak Khazanchi

Software testing ensures that a system functions correctly, meets specified requirements, and maintains high quality. As artificial intelligence and machine learning (ML) technologies become integral to software systems, testing has evolved…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Ronnie de Souza Santos , Matheus de Morais Leca , Reydne Santos , Cleyton Magalhaes
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