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We consider random boolean cellular automata on the integer lattice, i.e., the cells are identified with the integers from 1 to $N$. The behaviour of the automaton is mainly determined by the support of the random variable that selects one…

Probability · Mathematics 2011-01-07 F. M. Dekking , L. van Driel , A. Fey

Recent extensions of Cellular Automata (CA) have incorporated key ideas from modern deep learning, dramatically extending their capabilities and catalyzing a new family of Neural Cellular Automata (NCA) techniques. Inspired by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-03 Mattie Tesfaldet , Derek Nowrouzezahrai , Christopher Pal

The vulnerability to adversarial perturbations is a major flaw of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) that raises question about their reliability when in real-world scenarios. On the other hand, human perception, which DNNs are supposed to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-09 Muhammad Ahmed Shah , Bhiksha Raj

Most of the Neural Cellular Automata (NCAs) defined in the literature have a common theme: they are based on regular grids with a Moore neighborhood (one-hop neighbour). They do not take into account long-range connections and more complex…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Léo Pio-Lopez , Benedikt Hartl , Michael Levin

In living organisms, homeostasis is the natural regulation of internal states aimed at maintaining conditions compatible with life. Typical artificial systems are not equipped with comparable regulatory features. Here, we introduce an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Kingson Man , Antonio Damasio , Hartmut Neven

This study introduces EngramNCA, a neural cellular automaton (NCA) that integrates both publicly visible states and private, cell-internal memory channels, drawing inspiration from emerging biological evidence suggesting that memory storage…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Etienne Guichard , Felix Reimers , Mia Kvalsund , Mikkel Lepperød , Stefano Nichele

Diagnosis of hematological malignancies depends on accurate identification of white blood cells in peripheral blood smears. Deep learning techniques are emerging as a viable solution to scale and optimize this process by automatic cell…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-01 Michael Deutges , Ario Sadafi , Nassir Navab , Carsten Marr

Cellular automata have been useful artificial models for exploring how relatively simple rules combined with spatial memory can give rise to complex emergent patterns. Moreover, studying the dynamics of how rules emerge under artificial…

Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases · Physics 2014-07-11 Theodore P. Pavlic , Alyssa M. Adams , Paul C. W. Davies , Sara Imari Walker

Deep learning techniques have recently demonstrated broad success in predicting complex dynamical systems ranging from turbulence to human speech, motivating broader questions about how neural networks encode and represent dynamical rules.…

Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases · Physics 2020-01-20 William Gilpin

In line with the stability theory of continuous dynamical systems, Lyapunov exponents of cellular automata (CAs) have been conceived two decades ago to quantify to what extent their dynamics changes following a perturbation of their initial…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2015-09-23 Jan M. Baetens , Janko Gravner

Cellular automata (CAs) are fully-discrete dynamical models that have received much attention due to the fact that their relatively simple setup can nonetheless express highly complex phenomena. Despite the model's theoretical maturity and…

Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases · Physics 2025-07-10 Michiel Rollier , Kallil M. C. Zielinski , Aisling J. Daly , Odemir M. Bruno , Jan M. Baetens

Cellular automata are capable of developing complex behaviors based on simple local interactions between their elements. Some of these characteristics have been used to propose and improve meta-heuristics for global optimization; however,…

We present the Neural Simplex Architecture (NSA), a new approach to runtime assurance that provides safety guarantees for neural controllers (obtained e.g. using reinforcement learning) of autonomous and other complex systems without unduly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-03-26 Dung T. Phan , Radu Grosu , Nils Jansen , Nicola Paoletti , Scott A. Smolka , Scott D. Stoller

The emergence of complex behaviors in cellular automata is an area that has been widely developed in recent years with the intention to generate and analyze automata that produce space-moving patterns or gliders that interact in a periodic…

Locally interacting dynamical systems, such as epidemic spread, rumor propagation through crowd, and forest fire, exhibit complex global dynamics originated from local, relatively simple, and often stochastic interactions between dynamic…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-29 Beomseok Kang , Harshit Kumar , Minah Lee , Biswadeep Chakraborty , Saibal Mukhopadhyay

We propose a lifelong learning architecture, the Neural Computer Agent (NCA), where a Reinforcement Learning agent is paired with a predictive model of the environment learned by a Differentiable Neural Computer (DNC). The agent and DNC…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-19 Adeel Mufti , Svetlin Penkov , Subramanian Ramamoorthy

Recent advances in large pretrained text-to-image models have shown unprecedented capabilities for high-quality human-centric generation, however, customizing face identity is still an intractable problem. Existing methods cannot ensure…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Qinghe Wang , Xu Jia , Xiaomin Li , Taiqing Li , Liqian Ma , Yunzhi Zhuge , Huchuan Lu

In order to study the unstable step motion on vicinal crystal surfaces we devise vicinal Cellular Automata. Each cell from the colony has value equal to its height in the vicinal, initially the steps are regularly distributed. Another array…

This paper studies complexity of recognition of classes of bounded configurations by a generalization of conventional cellular automata (CA) -- finite dynamic cellular automata (FDCA). Inspired by the CA-based models of biological and…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Maxim Makatchev

This study introduces Skewed Fully Asynchronous Cellular Automata (SACA), a novel update scheme in cellular automata that updates the states of only two consecutive and adjacent cells, such as ci and ci+1, simultaneously at each time step.…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Virendra Kumar Gautam