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Aberration corrected scanning transmission electron microscopes (STEM) enable to determine local strain fields, composition and bonding states at atomic resolution. The precision to locate atomic columns is often obstructed by scan…

Applied Physics · Physics 2019-01-16 Benjamin Berkels , Christian H. Liebscher

The arrival of direct electron detectors (DED) with high frame-rates in the field of scanning transmission electron microscopy has enabled many experimental techniques that require collection of a full diffraction pattern at each scan…

Materials Science · Physics 2021-08-11 Philipp M. Pelz , Ian Johnson , Colin Ophus , Peter Ercius , Mary C. Scott

Ultrafast electron diffraction and time-resolved serial crystallography are the basis of the ongoing revolution in capturing at the atomic level of detail the structural dynamics of molecules. However, most experiments employ the classical…

The 4D scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) method has enabled mapping of the structure and functionality of solids on the atomic scale, yielding information-rich data sets containing information on the interatomic electric and…

Computational Physics · Physics 2020-09-24 Mark P. Oxley , Maxim Ziatdinov , Ondrej Dyck , Andrew R. Lupini , Rama Vasudevan , Sergei V. Kalinin

With the development of high-speed electron detectors, four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy (4D-STEM) has emerged as a powerful tool for characterizing microstructures in material science and life science. However, the…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2023-06-16 Yiming Hu , Si Gao , Xiaopeng Wu , Xudong Pei , Futao Huang , Wei Mao , Weiyang Zhang , Aidan Horne , Zhengbin Gu , Peng Wang

High-throughput grain mapping with sub-nanometer spatial resolution is demonstrated using scanning nanobeam electron diffraction (also known as 4D scanning transmission electron microscopy, or 4D-STEM) combined with high-speed direct…

The atomic lensing model has been proposed as a promising method facilitating atom-counting in heterogeneous nanocrystals [KHW van den Bos et. al, Phys. Rev. Lett. 116 (2016) 246101] Here, image simulations will validate the model, which…

Materials Science · Physics 2019-02-18 K. H. W. van den Bos , L. Janssens , A. De Backer , P. D. Nellist , S. Van Aert

In this second part of a series we attempt to construct an empirical model that can mimick all experimental observations made regarding the role of an alternative interleaved scan pattern in STEM imaging on the beam damage in a specific…

Materials Science · Physics 2021-05-03 D. Jannis , A. Velazco , A. Béché , J. Verbeeck

The use of differential phase contrast (DPC) in scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) has shown much promise for directly investigating the functional properties of a material system, leveraging the natural coupling between the…

Materials Science · Physics 2025-12-04 Rafael V. Ferreira , Sebastian Calderon V. , Paulo J. Ferreira

We show that diffraction intensity into the First Order Laue Zone (FOLZ) of a crystal can have a strong azimuthal dependence, where this FOLZ ring appears solely because of unidirectional atom position modulation. Such a modulation was…

Materials Science · Physics 2023-10-03 Aurys Silinga , Christopher S. Allen , Juri Barthel , Colin Ophus , Ian MacLaren

Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) is an extremely versatile method for studying materials on the atomic scale. Many STEM experiments are supported or validated with electron scattering simulations. However, using the…

We compare two transmission electron microscopy (TEM) based techniques that can provide highly spatially resolved quantitative measurements of magnetic induction fields at high sensitivity. To this end, the magnetic induction of a…

Fast production of large area patterns with nanometre resolution is crucial for the established semiconductor industry and for enabling industrial-scale production of next-generation quantum devices. Metastable atom lithography with binary…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-19 Johannes Fiedler , Adrià Salvador Palau , Eivind Kristen Osestad , Pekka Parviainen , Bodil Holst

Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) has been extensively used for imaging complex materials down to atomic resolution. The most commonly employed STEM modality, annular dark-field imaging, produces easily-interpretable…

Polarization in ferroelectric domains arises from atomic-scale structural variations that govern macroscopic functionalities. The interfaces between these domains known as domain walls host distinct physical responses, making their…

Sparse-view sampling in dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) significantly reduces radiation dose and increases imaging speed, yet is highly prone to artifacts. Although diffusion models have demonstrated potential in effectively handling…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-11 Zini Chen , Yao Xiao , Junyan Zhang , Shaoyu Wang , Liu Shi , Qiegen Liu

The recently developed information-theoretic approach to crystallographic symmetry classifications and quantifications in two dimensions (2D) from digital transmission electron and scanning probe microscope images is adapted for the…

Materials Science · Physics 2022-08-10 Peter Moeck , Lukas von Koch

Significant progress has been made in spatial resolution using environmental transmission electron microscopes (ETEM), which now enables atomic resolution visualization of structural transformation under variable temperature and gas…

Materials Science · Physics 2015-06-18 Wenpei Gao , Jianbo Wu , Xiaofeng Zhang , Aram Yoon , J. Mabon , W. Swiech , W. L. Wilson , H. Yang , Jian-Min Zuo

Sub-micrometer scale light patterns play a pivotal role in various fields, including biology, biophysics, and AMO physics. High-resolution, in situ observation of light profiles is essential for their design and application. However,…

The classical method of determining the atomic structure of complex molecules by analyzing diffraction patterns is currently undergoing drastic developments. Modern techniques for producing extremely bright and coherent X-ray lasers allow a…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2015-10-12 Tomas Ekeberg , Stefan Engblom , Jing Liu