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Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into high-stakes applications, making robust safety guarantees a central practical and commercial concern. Existing safety evaluations predominantly rely on fixed collections of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Zafir Shamsi , Nikhil Chekuru , Zachary Guzman , Shivank Garg

The Internet is currently the largest platform for global communication including expressions of opinions, reviews, contents, images, videos and so forth. Moreover, social media has now become a very broad and highly engaging platform due…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Sristy Shidul Nath , Razuan Karim , Mahdi H. Miraz

The proliferation of hate speech on social media poses a significant threat to online communities, requiring effective detection systems. While deep learning models have shown promise, their performance often deteriorates in few-shot or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Zhenkai Qin , Dongze Wu , Yuxin Liu , Guifang Yang

The integration of large language models (LLMs) into cyber security applications presents both opportunities and critical safety risks. We introduce CyberLLMInstruct, a dataset of 54,928 pseudo-malicious instruction-response pairs spanning…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Adel ElZemity , Budi Arief , Shujun Li

The growth of digital communication platforms has led to increased cyberbullying incidents worldwide, creating a need for automated detection systems to protect users. The rise of code-mixed Hindi-English (Hinglish) communication on digital…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Devesh Kumar

Social media platforms such as Instagram and Twitter have emerged as critical channels for drug marketing and illegal sale. Detecting and labeling online illicit drug trafficking activities becomes important in addressing this issue.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-10 Chuanbo Hu , Bin Liu , Xin Li , Yanfang Ye

Online social media platforms are central to everyday communication and information seeking. While these platforms serve positive purposes, they also provide fertile ground for the spread of hate speech, offensive language, and bullying…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Md Arid Hasan , Firoj Alam , Md Fahad Hossain , Usman Naseem , Syed Ishtiaque Ahmed

We study the effectiveness of Feature Density (FD) using different linguistically-backed feature preprocessing methods in order to estimate dataset complexity, which in turn is used to comparatively estimate the potential performance of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-04 Juuso Eronen , Michal Ptaszynski , Fumito Masui , Aleksander Smywiński-Pohl , Gniewosz Leliwa , Michal Wroczynski

The increasing sophistication of cyber threats necessitates innovative approaches to cybersecurity. In this paper, we explore the potential of psychological profiling techniques, particularly focusing on the utilization of Large Language…

This study explores the capability of Large Language Models (LLMs) to evaluate causality in causal graphs generated by conventional statistical causal discovery methods-a task traditionally reliant on manual assessment by human subject…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Yuni Susanti , Nina Holsmoelle

In this paper, we tackle the emerging challenge of unintended harmful content generation in Large Language Models (LLMs) with a novel dual-stage optimisation technique using adversarial fine-tuning. Our two-pronged approach employs an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-29 Charles O'Neill , Jack Miller , Ioana Ciuca , Yuan-Sen Ting , Thang Bui

Social media discourse involves people from different backgrounds, beliefs, and motives. Thus, often such discourse can devolve into toxic interactions. Generative Models, such as Llama and ChatGPT, have recently exploded in popularity due…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-21 Anique Tahir , Lu Cheng , Manuel Sandoval , Yasin N. Silva , Deborah L. Hall , Huan Liu

The rapid growth of social media has amplified the spread of offensive, violent, and vulgar speech, which poses serious societal and cybersecurity concerns. Detecting such content in Arabic text is particularly complex due to limited…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Aisha Alansari , Hamzah Luqman

Cyberbullying has become a pervasive issue based on the rise of cell phones and internet usage affecting individuals worldwide. This paper proposes an open-source intelligence pipeline using data from Twitter to track keywords relevant to…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Sylvia Worlali Azumah , Victor Adewopo , Zag ElSayed , Nelly Elsayed , Murat Ozer

Large Language Models face security threats from jailbreak attacks. Existing research has predominantly focused on prompt-level attacks while largely ignoring the underexplored attack surface of user-controlled response prefilling. This…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Yakai Li , Jiekang Hu , Weiduan Sang , Luping Ma , Dongsheng Nie , Weijuan Zhang , Aimin Yu , Yi Su , Qingjia Huang , Qihang Zhou

Hate speech has become pervasive in today's digital age. Although there has been considerable research to detect hate speech or generate counter speech to combat hateful views, these approaches still cannot completely eliminate the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Vibhor Agarwal , Yu Chen , Nishanth Sastry

Cyberbullying is a pervasive problem in online communities. To identify cyberbullying cases in large-scale social networks, content moderators depend on machine learning classifiers for automatic cyberbullying detection. However, existing…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2020-04-07 Caleb Ziems , Ymir Vigfusson , Fred Morstatter

Instruction tuning has emerged as a paramount method for tailoring the behaviors of LLMs. Recent work has unveiled the potential for LLMs to achieve high performance through fine-tuning with a limited quantity of high-quality instruction…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Qiang Wang , Dawei Feng , Xu Zhang , Ao Shen , Yang Xu , Bo Ding , Huaimin Wang

Prompt-based fine-tuning has boosted the performance of Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) on few-shot text classification by employing task-specific prompts. Yet, PLMs are unfamiliar with prompt-style expressions during pre-training, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-12 Jianing Wang , Chengyu Wang , Fuli Luo , Chuanqi Tan , Minghui Qiu , Fei Yang , Qiuhui Shi , Songfang Huang , Ming Gao

Software vulnerability detection is generally supported by automated static analysis tools, which have recently been reinforced by deep learning (DL) models. However, despite the superior performance of DL-based approaches over rule-based…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Yanjing Yang , Xin Zhou , Runfeng Mao , Jinwei Xu , Lanxin Yang , Yu Zhangm , Haifeng Shen , He Zhang