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To plan safe maneuvers and act with foresight, autonomous vehicles must be capable of accurately predicting the uncertain future. In the context of autonomous driving, deep neural networks have been successfully applied to learning…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-08-02 Salar Arbabi , Davide Tavernini , Saber Fallah , Richard Bowden

The framework of algorithmic knowledge assumes that agents use algorithms to compute the facts they explicitly know. In many cases of interest, a deductive system, rather than a particular algorithm, captures the formal reasoning used by…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Riccardo Pucella

Generative and agentic artificial intelligence is entering financial markets faster than existing governance can adapt. Current model-risk frameworks assume static, well-specified algorithms and one-time validations; large language models…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Eren Kurshan , Tucker Balch , David Byrd

Agent-based simulators provide granular representations of complex intelligent systems by directly modelling the interactions of the system's constituent agents. Their high-fidelity nature enables hyper-local policy evaluation and testing…

We consider an agent who represents uncertainty about the environment via a possibly misspecified model. Each period, the agent takes an action, observes a consequence, and uses Bayes' rule to update her belief about the environment. This…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2019-10-24 Ignacio Esponda , Demian Pouzo , Yuichi Yamamoto

Growing evidence suggests that the brain uses an attention schema, or a simplified model of attention, to help control what it attends to. One proposed benefit of this model is to allow agents to model the attention states of other agents,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Kathryn T. Farrell , Kirsten Ziman , Michael S. A. Graziano

Agency is a system's capacity to steer outcomes toward a goal, and is a central topic of study across biology, philosophy, cognitive science, and artificial intelligence. Determining if a system exhibits agency is a notoriously difficult…

Active inference is a mathematical framework which originated in computational neuroscience as a theory of how the brain implements action, perception and learning. Recently, it has been shown to be a promising approach to the problems of…

In this paper, we develop a natural (empirical) relational theory for describing and modeling complex biological phenomena. We have as stepping stone the assertion: function implies structure. The theory is built upon a graph's theory…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2017-05-31 Pedro J. Miranda , Giuliano La Guardia

The ability of modeling the other agents, such as understanding their intentions and skills, is essential to an agent's interactions with other agents. Conventional agent modeling relies on passive observation from demonstrations. In this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-10-02 Tianmin Shu , Caiming Xiong , Ying Nian Wu , Song-Chun Zhu

Norms, defined as generally accepted behaviour in societies without central authority (and thus distinguished from laws), are very powerful mechanism leading to coherent behaviour of the society members. This paper examines, within a simple…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2007-05-23 Pawel Sobkowicz

We explore conclusions a person draws from observing society when he allows for the possibility that individuals' outcomes are affected by group-level discrimination. Injecting a single non-classical assumption, that the agent is…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2019-09-19 Paul Heidhues , Botond Kőszegi , Philipp Strack

Law codes and regulations help organise societies for centuries, and as AI systems gain more autonomy, we question how human-agent systems can operate as peers under the same norms, especially when resources are contended. We posit that…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2022-02-24 Alex Raymond , Hatice Gunes , Amanda Prorok

Traditionally, an agent's beliefs would come from what the agent can see, hear, or sense. In the modern world, beliefs are often based on the data available to the agents. In this work, we investigate a dynamic logic of such beliefs that…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Junli Jiang , Pavel Naumov , Wenxuan Zhang

An agent must try new behaviors to explore and improve. In high-stakes environments, an agent that violates safety constraints may cause harm and must be taken offline, curtailing any future interaction. Imitating old behavior is safe, but…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Drew Prinster , Clara Fannjiang , Ji Won Park , Kyunghyun Cho , Anqi Liu , Suchi Saria , Samuel Stanton

We consider problems in which robots conspire to present a view of the world that differs from reality. The inquiry is motivated by the problem of validating robot behavior physically despite there being a discrepancy between the robots we…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-09-10 Dylan A. Shell , Jason M. O'Kane

Data Science and Machine learning have been growing strong for the past decade. We argue that to make the most of this exciting field we should resist the temptation of assuming that forecasting can be reduced to brute-force data analytics.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-05-12 Hykel Hosni , Angelo Vulpiani

I postulate that human or other intelligent agents function or should function as follows. They store all sensory observations as they come - the data is holy. At any time, given some agent's current coding capabilities, part of the data is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2007-09-06 Juergen Schmidhuber

According to the subjective Bayesian interpretation of quantum theory (QBism), quantum mechanics is a tool that an agent would be wise to use when making bets about natural phenomena. In particular, the Born rule is understood to be a…

Any system that models the world under finite representational capacity must compress; any compression entails a prior; and the prior is the system's bias. What has not been established is whether uncertainty participates in the dynamics…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Ahmed Gamal Eldin