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Multimodal Large Language Models are increasingly applied to biomedical imaging, yet scientific reasoning for microscopy remains limited by the scarcity of large-scale, high-quality training data. We introduce MicroVQA++, a three-stage,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Manyu Li , Ruian He , Chenxi Ma , Weimin Tan , Bo Yan

Multimodal reasoning models often produce fluent answers supported by seemingly coherent rationales. Existing benchmarks evaluate only final-answer correctness. They do not support atomic visual entailment verification of intermediate…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Saleem Ahmed , Srirangaraj Setlur , Venu Govindaraju

Internet memes represent a popular form of multimodal online communication and often use figurative elements to convey layered meaning through the combination of text and images. However, it remains largely unclear how multimodal large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Shijia Zhou , Saif M. Mohammad , Barbara Plank , Diego Frassinelli

Multimodal information, together with our knowledge, help us to understand the complex and dynamic world. Large language models (LLM) and large multimodal models (LMM), however, still struggle to emulate this capability. In this paper, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Yuanhan Zhang , Kaichen Zhang , Bo Li , Fanyi Pu , Christopher Arif Setiadharma , Jingkang Yang , Ziwei Liu

Temporal logical understanding, a core facet of human cognition, plays a pivotal role in capturing complex sequential events and their temporal relationships within videos. This capability is particularly crucial in tasks like Video…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Sirnam Swetha , Hilde Kuehne , Mubarak Shah

Large vision-language models (LVLMs) have witnessed significant progress on visual understanding tasks. However, they often prioritize language knowledge over image information on visual reasoning tasks, incurring performance degradation.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Jingqi Zhou , Sheng Wang , Jingwei Dong , Kai Liu , Lei Li , Jiahui Gao , Jiyue Jiang , Lingpeng Kong , Chuan Wu

The ability to reason about temporal and causal events from videos lies at the core of human intelligence. Most video reasoning benchmarks, however, focus on pattern recognition from complex visual and language input, instead of on causal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-03-10 Kexin Yi , Chuang Gan , Yunzhu Li , Pushmeet Kohli , Jiajun Wu , Antonio Torralba , Joshua B. Tenenbaum

Traditional approaches to data visualization have often focused on comparing different subsets of data, and this is reflected in the many techniques developed and evaluated over the years for visual comparison. Similarly, common workflows…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-02-27 David Borland , Arran Zeyu Wang , David Gotz

Deep models that are both effective and explainable are desirable in many settings; prior explainable models have been unimodal, offering either image-based visualization of attention weights or text-based generation of post-hoc…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-02-23 Dong Huk Park , Lisa Anne Hendricks , Zeynep Akata , Anna Rohrbach , Bernt Schiele , Trevor Darrell , Marcus Rohrbach

With the rapid advancement of multimodal large language models (MLLMs), models have demonstrated increasingly powerful multimodal capabilities. However, whether MLLMs trained through statistical learning can truly understand the causal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Junzhe Zhang , Huixuan Zhang , Guirong Wang , Xingyao Zhang , Pei Liu , Lin Qu , Hu Wei , Xiaojun Wan

Complex Visual Question Answering (Complex VQA) tasks, which demand sophisticated multi-modal reasoning and external knowledge integration, present significant challenges for existing large vision-language models (LVLMs) often limited by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Jingwei Peng , Jiehao Chen , Mateo Alejandro Rojas , Meilin Zhang

Visual Question Answering (VQA) benchmarks have largely emphasized perception-based tasks that can be solved from visual content alone. In contrast, many real-world scenarios require external knowledge that is not directly observable in the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Basel Shbita , Pengyuan Li , Anna Lisa Gentile

The emergence of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) that integrate vision and language modalities has unlocked new potentials for scientific reasoning, outperforming prior benchmarks in both natural language and coding domains.…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Sifan Wu , Huan Zhang , Yizhan Li , Farshid Effaty , Amirreza Ataei , Bang Liu

With advances in multimodal research and deep learning, Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have emerged as a powerful paradigm for a wide range of multimodal tasks. As a core problem in vision-language research, Visual Question…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Quanxing Xu , Ling Zhou , Xian Zhong , Xiaohua Huang , Rubing Huang , Chia-Wen Lin

While visual question-answering (VQA) benchmarks have catalyzed the development of reasoning techniques, they have focused on vertical thinking. Effective problem-solving also necessitates lateral thinking, which remains understudied in AI…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Koen Kraaijveld , Yifan Jiang , Kaixin Ma , Filip Ilievski

Interpreting the inner function of neural networks is crucial for the trustworthy development and deployment of these black-box models. Prior interpretability methods focus on correlation-based measures to attribute model decisions to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Ola Ahmad , Nicolas Bereux , Loïc Baret , Vahid Hashemi , Freddy Lecue

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance in complex multimodal tasks. However, these models still suffer from hallucinations, particularly when required to implicitly recognize or infer diverse visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Ashish Seth , Dinesh Manocha , Chirag Agarwal

Visual question answering (VQA) in medical imaging aims to support clinical diagnosis by automatically interpreting complex imaging data in response to natural language queries. Existing studies typically rely on distinct visual and textual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Yuanhe Tian , Chen Su , Junwen Duan , Yan Song

"Read the room" is a significant social reasoning capability in human daily life. Humans can infer others' mental states from subtle social cues. Previous social reasoning tasks and datasets lack complexity (e.g., simple scenes, basic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Lixing Niu , Jiapeng Li , Xingping Yu , Shu Wang , Ruining Feng , Bo Wu , Ping Wei , Yisen Wang , Lifeng Fan

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in multimodal understanding, yet their reasoning abilities remain underexplored. Existing benchmarks tend to focus on perception or text-based comprehension,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Xiang Li , Wenyue Hua , Kaijie Zhu , Lingyao Li , Haoyang Ling , Jinkui Chi , Qi Dou , Jindong Wang , Yongfeng Zhang , Xin Ma , Lizhou Fan