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The blockchain technology has been used for recording state transitions of smart contracts - decentralized applications that can be invoked through external transactions. Smart contracts gained popularity and accrued hundreds of billions of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-05-10 Nikolay Ivanov , Chenning Li , Qiben Yan , Zhiyuan Sun , Zhichao Cao , Xiapu Luo

Permissionless blockchains allow the execution of arbitrary programs (called smart contracts), enabling mutually untrusted entities to interact without relying on trusted third parties. Despite their potential, repeated security concerns…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-08-27 Petar Tsankov , Andrei Dan , Dana Drachsler Cohen , Arthur Gervais , Florian Buenzli , Martin Vechev

Smart contracts, the cornerstone of blockchain technology, enable secure, automated distributed execution. Given their role in handling large transaction volumes across clients, miners, and validators, exploring concurrency is critical.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Atefeh Zareh Chahoki , Maurice Herlihy , Marco Roveri

With the rapid growth of blockchain technology, smart contracts are now crucial to Decentralized Finance (DeFi) applications. Effective vulnerability detection is vital for securing these contracts against hackers and enhancing the accuracy…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Jango Zhang

Smart contracts are blockchain programs that often handle valuable assets. Writing secure smart contracts is far from trivial, and any vulnerability may lead to significant financial losses. To support developers in identifying and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-09 Monika di Angelo , Thomas Durieux , João F. Ferreira , Gernot Salzer

Developing secure smart contracts remains a challenging task. Existing approaches are either impractical or leave the burden to developers for fixing bugs. In this paper, we propose the first practical smart contract compiler, called HCC,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Jens-Rene Giesen , Sebastien Andreina , Michael Rodler , Ghassan O. Karame , Lucas Davi

Smart contract (SC) fuzzing is a critical technique for detecting vulnerabilities in blockchain applications. However, its adoption remains challenging for practitioners due to fundamental differences between SCs and traditional software…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Guanming Qiao , Partha Protim Paul

Smart contract transactions associated with security attacks often exhibit distinct behavioral patterns compared with historical benign transactions before the attacking events. While many runtime monitoring and guarding mechanisms have…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Zhiyang Chen , Ye Liu , Sidi Mohamed Beillahi , Yi Li , Fan Long

While smart contracts are foundational elements of blockchain applications, their inherent susceptibility to security vulnerabilities poses a significant challenge. Existing training datasets employed for vulnerability detection tools may…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Cuong Tran Manh , Hieu Dinh Vo

Smart contracts with external data are crucial for functionality but pose security and reliability concerns. Statistical and quantitative studies on this interaction are scarce. To address this gap, we analyzed 10,500 smart contracts,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Yishun Wang , Xiaoqi Li , Shipeng Ye , Lei Xie , Ju Xing

Smart contracts are automated or self-enforcing contracts that can be used to exchange assets without having to place trust in third parties. Many commercial transactions use smart contracts due to their potential benefits in terms of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Xiao Liang Yu , Omar Al-Bataineh , David Lo , Abhik Roychoudhury

Smart contract vulnerability detection draws extensive attention in recent years due to the substantial losses caused by hacker attacks. Existing efforts for contract security analysis heavily rely on rigid rules defined by experts, which…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-07-27 Zhenguang Liu , Peng Qian , Xiaoyang Wang , Yuan Zhuang , Lin Qiu , Xun Wang

Smart contracts are computer programs running on blockchains to automate the transaction execution between users. The absence of contract specifications poses a real challenge to the correctness verification of smart contracts. Program…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-02 Ye Liu , Chengxuan Zhang , Yi Li.

The introduction of smart contract functionality marks the advent of the blockchain 2.0 era, enabling blockchain technology to support digital currency transactions and complex distributed applications. However, many smart contracts have…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Hongli Peng , Xiaoqi Li , Wenkai Li

The immutable nature of blockchain technology, while revolutionary, introduces significant security challenges, particularly in smart contracts. These security issues can lead to substantial financial losses. Current tools and approaches…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Zhiyuan Wei , Jing Sun , Zijiang Zhang , Xianhao Zhang , Meng Li , Zhe Hou

The security of smart contracts, which are an important part of blockchain technology, has attracted much attention. In particular, reentrancy vulnerability, which is hidden and complex, poses a great threat to smart contracts. In order to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Chang Chu

Smart contracts on blockchains are prone to diverse security vulnerabilities that can lead to significant financial losses due to their immutable nature. Existing detection approaches often lack flexibility across vulnerability types and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Xing Zhang , Keyu Zhang , Taohong Zhu , Anbang Ruan

Upgradeable smart contracts (USCs) have been widely adopted to enable modifying deployed smart contracts. While USCs bring great flexibility to developers, improper usage might introduce new security issues, potentially allowing attackers…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Xiaofan Li , Jin Yang , Jiaqi Chen , Yuzhe Tang , Xing Gao

Smart contracts are susceptible to critical vulnerabilities. Hybrid dynamic analyses, such as concolic execution assisted fuzzing and foundation model assisted fuzzing, have emerged as highly effective testing techniques for smart contract…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Sally Junsong Wang , Jianan Yao , Kexin Pei , Hidedaki Takahashi , Junfeng Yang

The adoption of blockchain based distributed ledgers is growing fast due to their ability to provide reliability, integrity, and auditability without trusted entities. One of the key capabilities of these emerging platforms is the ability…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-01-23 Anastasia Mavridou , Aron Laszka , Emmanouela Stachtiari , Abhishek Dubey