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Pulsar wind nebulae are efficient particle accelerators, and yet the processes at work remain elusive. Self-generated, microturbulence is too weak in relativistic magnetized shocks to accelerate particles over a wide energy range,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-10-14 Benoît Cerutti , Gwenael Giacinti

Particle acceleration at plasma shocks appears to be ubiquitous in the universe, spanning systems in the heliosphere, supernova remnants, and relativistic jets in distant active galaxies and gamma-ray bursts. This review addresses some of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Matthew G. Baring

The efficiency of particle acceleration at shock waves in relativistic, magnetized astrophysical outflows is a debated topic with far-reaching implications. Here, for the first time, we study the impact of turbulence in the pre-shock…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-07-06 Virginia Bresci , Martin Lemoine , Laurent Gremillet

We report on the observation of rapid particle acceleration in numerical simulations of relativistic jet-plasma interactions and discuss the underlying mechanisms. The dynamics of a charge-neutral, narrow, electron-positron jet propagating…

Astrophysics · Physics 2011-08-12 Johnny S. T. Ng , Robert J. Noble

Shock acceleration is an ubiquitous phenomenon in astrophysical plasmas. Plasma waves and their associated instabilities (e.g., Buneman, Weibel and other two-stream instabilities) created in collisionless shocks are responsible for particle…

Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-24 K. -I. Nishikawa , P. Hardee , C. B. Hededal , G. Richardson , R. Preece , H. Sol , G. J. Fishman

We propose a new particle acceleration mechanism. Electron can be accelerated to relativistic energy within a few electromagnetic wave cycles through the mechanism which is named electromagnetic and magnetic field resonance acceleration…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Hong Liu , X. T. He , S. G. Chen , W. Y. Zhang

Collisionless shock waves, found in supernova remnants, interstellar, stellar, and planetary environments, and laboratories, are one of nature's most powerful particle accelerators. This study combines in situ satellite measurements with…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-03-05 Savvas Raptis , Ahmad Lalti , Martin Lindberg , Drew L. Turner , Damiano Caprioli , James L. Burch

Plasma wakefield acceleration in the nonlinear blowout regime has been shown to provide high acceleration gradients and high energy transfer efficiency while maintaining great beam quality for electron acceleration. In contrast, research on…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2022-11-16 Shiyu Zhou , Weiming An , Siqin Ding , Jianfei Hua , Warren B. Mori , Chan Joshi , Wei Lu

Nonthermal radiation observed from astrophysical systems containing relativistic jets and shocks, e.g., active galactic nuclei (AGNs), gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), and Galactic microquasar systems usually have power-law emission spectra. Recent…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-06-23 K. -I. Nishikawa , Y. Mizuno , G. J. Fishman , P. Hardee

In this paper we present an investigation of numerical Monte Carlo simulations of the diffusive shock acceleration in the test particle limit. Very high gamma flow astrophysical plasmas, have been used, from $\gamma_{up}$ $\sim50$ up to…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-09-25 A. Meli , J. J. Quenby

Particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations of collisionless jets of electrons and positrons in an ambient electron-proton plasma have revealed an acceleration of positrons at the expense of electron kinetic energy. The dominant instability within…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2020-11-03 M E Dieckmann , S J Spencer , M Falk , G Rowlands

Almost all sources of high energy particles and photons are associated with jet phenomena. Prominent sources of such highly relativistic outflows are pulsar winds and Active Galactic Nuclei. The current understanding of these jets assumes…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2010-09-01 Thomas Burkart , Oliver Elbracht , Urs Ganse , Felix Spanier

Two extreme events in the universe, fast radio bursts (FRBs) and cosmic rays (CRs), could be correlated, where FRBs with extreme field strength near their sources may contribute to CRs. This study investigates localized particle…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-05-01 Lin Yu , Tianxing Hu , Zhiyu Lei , Xiangyan An , Dong Wu , Suming Weng , Min Chen , Jie Zhang , Zhengming Sheng

We present a scenario that could explain non-thermal particle acceleration in relativistic quasi-perpendicular electron-positron shocks, such as the termination shock of pulsar wind nebulae. The shock produces a strong electromagnetic…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-09-10 Emanuele Sobacchi , Yuri Lyubarsky , Lorenzo Sironi , Masanori Iwamoto

A scheme of laser wakefield acceleration, when a relatively rare and long bunch of non-relativistic or weakly-relativistic electrons is initially in front of the laser pulse, is suggested and considered. The motion of test electrons is…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 Arsen G. Khachatryan

Shock acceleration is a ubiquitous phenomenon in astrophysical plasmas. Plasma waves and their associated instabilities (e.g., Buneman, Weibel and other two-stream instabilities) created in collisionless shocks are responsible for particle…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 K. -I. Nishikawa , P. Hardee , C. B. Hededal , G. Richardson , H. Sol , R. Preece , G. J. Fishman

lasma instabilities excited in collisionless shocks are responsible for particle acceleration. We have investigated the particle acceleration and shock structure associated with an unmagnetized relativistic electron-positron jet propagating…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-03 K. -I. Nishikawa , E. J. Choi , K. Min , P. Hardee , Y. Mizuno , B. Zhang , J. Niemiec , M. Medvedev , A. Nordlund , J. Fredriksen , M. Pohl , H. Sol , D. H. Hartmann , G. J. Fishman

We study a type of particle acceleration that operates via neutron-proton conversion in inelastic nuclear collisions. This mechanism can be expected for relativistic shocks at subphotospheres if relativistic outflows contain neutrons. Using…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-15 Kazumi Kashiyama , Kohta Murase , Peter Mészáros

We consider the acceleration of charged particles at the ultra-relativistic shocks, with Lorentz factors \Gamma_s >> 1 relative to the upstream medium, arising in relativistic fireball models of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). We show that for…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 Yves A. Gallant , Abraham Achterberg

The interaction between a thin foil target and a circularly polarized laser light injected along an external magnetic field is investigated numerically by particle-in-cell simulations. A standing wave appears at the front surface of the…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2024-11-27 Takayoshi Sano , Shogo Isayama , Kenta Takahashi , Shuichi Matsukiyo