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Reasoning plays a crucial role in advancing Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) toward Artificial General Intelligence. However, existing MLLM benchmarks often fall short in precisely and comprehensively evaluating long-chain reasoning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Huanjin Yao , Jiaxing Huang , Yawen Qiu , Michael K. Chen , Wenzheng Liu , Wei Zhang , Wenjie Zeng , Xikun Zhang , Jingyi Zhang , Yuxin Song , Wenhao Wu , Dacheng Tao

The rapid evolution of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) has brought substantial advancements in artificial intelligence, significantly enhancing the capability to understand and generate multimodal content. While prior studies have…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Lin Li , Guikun Chen , Hanrong Shi , Jun Xiao , Long Chen

The emergence of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) that integrate vision and language modalities has unlocked new potentials for scientific reasoning, outperforming prior benchmarks in both natural language and coding domains.…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Sifan Wu , Huan Zhang , Yizhan Li , Farshid Effaty , Amirreza Ataei , Bang Liu

Programming often involves converting detailed and complex specifications into code, a process during which developers typically utilize visual aids to more effectively convey concepts. While recent developments in Large Multimodal Models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Kaixin Li , Yuchen Tian , Qisheng Hu , Ziyang Luo , Zhiyong Huang , Jing Ma

With the rapid advancement of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), a variety of benchmarks have been introduced to evaluate their capabilities. While most evaluations have focused on complex tasks such as scientific comprehension and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Huan Liu , Lingyu Xiao , Jiangjiang Liu , Xiaofan Li , Ze Feng , Sen Yang , Jingdong Wang

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated proficiency in handling a variety of visual-language tasks. However, current MLLM benchmarks are predominantly designed to evaluate reasoning based on static information about a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-26 Xiyao Wang , Yuhang Zhou , Xiaoyu Liu , Hongjin Lu , Yuancheng Xu , Feihong He , Jaehong Yoon , Taixi Lu , Gedas Bertasius , Mohit Bansal , Huaxiu Yao , Furong Huang

Large language models (LLMs) have obtained promising results in mathematical reasoning, which is a foundational skill for human intelligence. Most previous studies focus on improving and measuring the performance of LLMs based on textual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Wentao Liu , Qianjun Pan , Yi Zhang , Zhuo Liu , Ji Wu , Jie Zhou , Aimin Zhou , Qin Chen , Bo Jiang , Liang He

The aspiration for artificial general intelligence, fueled by the rapid progress of multimodal models, demands human-comparable performance across diverse environments. We propose HumanPCR, an evaluation suite for probing MLLMs' capacity…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Keliang Li , Hongze Shen , Hao Shi , Ruibing Hou , Hong Chang , Jie Huang , Chenghao Jia , Wen Wang , Yiling Wu , Dongmei Jiang , Shiguang Shan , Xilin Chen

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have shown impressive abilities in understanding and reasoning over conventional images. However, their perception of 360{\deg} images remains largely underexplored. Unlike conventional images,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Huyen T. T. Tran , Van-Quang Nguyen , Farros Alferro , Kang-Jun Liu , Takayuki Okatani

Large multimodal models exhibit remarkable intelligence, yet their embodied cognitive abilities during motion in open-ended urban 3D space remain to be explored. We introduce a benchmark to evaluate whether video-large language models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Baining Zhao , Jianjie Fang , Zichao Dai , Ziyou Wang , Jirong Zha , Weichen Zhang , Chen Gao , Yue Wang , Jinqiang Cui , Xinlei Chen , Yong Li

The ability to process information from multiple modalities and to reason through it step-by-step remains a critical challenge in advancing artificial intelligence. However, existing reasoning benchmarks focus on text-only reasoning, or…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Yulun Jiang , Yekun Chai , Maria Brbić , Michael Moor

Large Language Models (LLMs) and Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) exhibit impressive problem-solving skills in many tasks and domains, but their ability in mathematical reasoning in visual contexts has not been systematically studied. To…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Pan Lu , Hritik Bansal , Tony Xia , Jiacheng Liu , Chunyuan Li , Hannaneh Hajishirzi , Hao Cheng , Kai-Wei Chang , Michel Galley , Jianfeng Gao

Spatial relation reasoning is a crucial task for multimodal large language models (MLLMs) to understand the objective world. However, current benchmarks have issues like relying on bounding boxes, ignoring perspective substitutions, or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Jingping Liu , Ziyan Liu , Zhedong Cen , Yan Zhou , Yinan Zou , Weiyan Zhang , Haiyun Jiang , Tong Ruan

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities across various tasks, but still struggle with complex mathematical reasoning. Existing research primarily focuses on dataset construction and method…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Runqi Qiao , Qiuna Tan , Peiqing Yang , Yanzi Wang , Xiaowan Wang , Enhui Wan , Sitong Zhou , Guanting Dong , Yuchen Zeng , Yida Xu , Jie Wang , Chong Sun , Chen Li , Honggang Zhang

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) carry the potential to support humans in processing vast amounts of information. While MLLMs are already being used as a fact-checking tool, their abilities and limitations in this regard are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-29 Jiahui Geng , Yova Kementchedjhieva , Preslav Nakov , Iryna Gurevych

Formal mathematical reasoning remains a critical challenge for artificial intelligence, hindered by limitations of existing benchmarks in scope and scale. To address this, we present FormalMATH, a large-scale Lean4 benchmark comprising…

Detecting AI-generated images with multimodal large language models (MLLMs) has gained increasing attention, due to their rich world knowledge, common-sense reasoning, and potential for explainability. However, naively applying those MLLMs…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Kaiqing Lin , Zhiyuan Yan , Ruoxin Chen , Junyan Ye , Ke-Yue Zhang , Yue Zhou , Peng Jin , Bin Li , Taiping Yao , Shouhong Ding

The visual commonsense reasoning (VCR) task is to choose an answer and provide a justifying rationale based on the given image and textural question. Representative works first recognize objects in images and then associate them with key…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Jian Zhu , Hanli Wang , Miaojing Shi

We introduce MuirBench, a comprehensive benchmark that focuses on robust multi-image understanding capabilities of multimodal LLMs. MuirBench consists of 12 diverse multi-image tasks (e.g., scene understanding, ordering) that involve 10…

Recent advances in Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have improved performance in multi-modal learning, raising the question of whether these models truly understand the content they process. Crucially, can VLMs detect when a reasoning process…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Yang Shi , Yifeng Xie , Minzhe Guo , Liangsi Lu , Mingxuan Huang , Jingchao Wang , Zhihong Zhu , Boyan Xu , Zhiqi Huang