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Prompt optimization aims to systematically refine prompts to enhance a language model's performance on specific tasks. Fairness detection in Terms of Service (ToS) clauses is a challenging legal NLP task that demands carefully crafted…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Hyunji Lee , Kevin Chenhao Li , Matthias Grabmair , Shanshan Xu

Symbolic regression aims to discover concise, interpretable mathematical expressions that satisfy desired objectives, such as fitting data, posing a highly combinatorial optimization problem. While genetic programming has been the dominant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Zhengyao Huang , Daniel Zhengyu Huang , Tiannan Xiao , Dina Ma , Zhenyu Ming , Hao Shi , Yuanhui Wen

Large language models demonstrate exceptional performance in simple code generation tasks but still face challenges in tackling complex problems. These challenges may stem from insufficient reasoning and problem decomposition capabilities.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-12 Bin Xu , Yiguan Lin , Yinghao Li , Yang Gao

While model serving has unlocked unprecedented capabilities, the high cost of serving large-scale models continues to be a significant barrier to widespread accessibility and rapid innovation. Compiler optimizations have long driven…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Annabelle Sujun Tang , Christopher Priebe , Rohan Mahapatra , Lianhui Qin , Hadi Esmaeilzadeh

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate impressive language understanding and contextual learning abilities, making them suitable for natural language processing (NLP) tasks and complex mathematical reasoning. However, when applied to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-13 Haotian Xu

We propose SC-MCTS*: a novel Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) reasoning algorithm for Large Language Models (LLMs), significantly improves both reasoning accuracy and speed. Our motivation comes from: 1. Previous MCTS LLM reasoning works…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Zitian Gao , Boye Niu , Xuzheng He , Haotian Xu , Hongzhang Liu , Aiwei Liu , Xuming Hu , Lijie Wen

Despite their outstanding capabilities, large language models (LLMs) are prone to hallucination and producing factually incorrect information. This challenge has spurred efforts in attributed text generation, which prompts LLMs to generate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Junyi Li , Hwee Tou Ng

Effective decision-making and problem-solving in conversational systems require the ability to identify and acquire missing information through targeted questioning. A key challenge lies in efficiently narrowing down a large space of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Harshita Chopra , Chirag Shah

Multi-step multimodal reasoning tasks pose significant challenges for multimodal large language models (MLLMs), and finding effective ways to enhance their performance in such scenarios remains an unresolved issue. In this paper, we propose…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Guanting Dong , Chenghao Zhang , Mengjie Deng , Yutao Zhu , Zhicheng Dou , Ji-Rong Wen

While researchers have made significant progress in enabling large language models (LLMs) to perform multi-step planning, LLMs struggle to ensure that those plans align with high-level user intent and satisfy symbolic constraints,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Kamel Alrashedy , Vriksha Srihari , Zulfiqar Zaidi , Ridam Srivastava , Pradyumna Tambwekar , Matthew Gombolay

Large language models (LLMs) have shown strong performance in many reasoning benchmarks. However, recent studies have pointed to memorization, rather than generalization, as one of the leading causes for such performance. LLMs, in fact, are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Xingwei Tan , Marco Valentino , Mahmud Akhter , Maria Liakata , Nikolaos Aletras

In this paper, we propose a policy-guided Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) decoder that achieves near maximum-likelihood decoding (MLD) performance for short block codes. The MCTS decoder searches for test error patterns (TEPs) in the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Y. Tian , C. Yue , P. Cheng , G. Pang , B. Vucetic , Y. Li

Despite the impressive capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) on various tasks, they still struggle with scenarios that involves complex reasoning and planning. Recent work proposed advanced prompting techniques and the necessity of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Ye Tian , Baolin Peng , Linfeng Song , Lifeng Jin , Dian Yu , Haitao Mi , Dong Yu

Polly is the LLVM project's polyhedral loop nest optimizer. Recently, user-directed loop transformation pragmas were proposed based on LLVM/Clang and Polly. The search space exposed by the transformation pragmas is a tree, wherein each node…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2021-05-12 Jaehoon Koo , Prasanna Balaprakash , Michael Kruse , Xingfu Wu , Paul Hovland , Mary Hall

In this work we consider Code World Models, world models generated by a Large Language Model (LLM) in the form of Python code for model-based Reinforcement Learning (RL). Calling code instead of LLMs for planning has potential to be more…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Nicola Dainese , Matteo Merler , Minttu Alakuijala , Pekka Marttinen

Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) has recently emerged as a powerful technique for enhancing the reasoning capabilities of LLMs. Techniques such as SFT or DPO have enabled LLMs to distill high-quality behaviors from MCTS, improving their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Xiyao Wang , Linfeng Song , Ye Tian , Dian Yu , Baolin Peng , Haitao Mi , Furong Huang , Dong Yu

To lower the expertise barrier in machine learning, the AutoML community has focused on the CASH problem, which jointly automates algorithm selection and hyperparameter tuning. While traditional methods like Bayesian Optimization (BO)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Beicheng Xu , Weitong Qian , Lingching Tung , Yupeng Lu , Bin Cui

Automated agent workflows can enhance the problem-solving ability of large language models (LLMs), but common search strategies rely on stochastic exploration and often traverse implausible branches. This occurs because current pipelines…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Qitong Fang , Haotian Li , Xu Wang

The Job Shop Scheduling Problem (JSSP) is a well-known optimization problem in manufacturing, where the goal is to determine the optimal sequence of jobs across different machines to minimize a given objective. In this work, we focus on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-31 Laurie Boveroux , Damien Ernst , Quentin Louveaux

This study explores how to enhance the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) in knowledge base question answering (KBQA) by leveraging Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS). Semantic parsing-based KBQA methods are particularly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Guanming Xiong , Haochen Li , Wen Zhao