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Test-Time Adaptation (TTA) has emerged as an effective solution for adapting Vision Transformers (ViT) to distribution shifts without additional training data. However, existing TTA methods often incur substantial computational overhead,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Yizhe Xiong , Zihan Zhou , Yiwen Liang , Hui Chen , Zijia Lin , Tianxiang Hao , Fan Zhang , Jungong Han , Guiguang Ding

Test-time adaptation (TTA) aims to adapt a model, initially trained on training data, to test data with potential distribution shifts. Most existing TTA methods focus on classification problems. The pronounced success of classification…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Chang'an Yi , Haotian Chen , Yifan Zhang , Yonghui Xu , Yan Zhou , Lizhen Cui

Vision-language models (VLMs) such as CLIP exhibit strong zero-shot generalization but remain sensitive to domain shifts at test time. Test-time prompt tuning (TPT) mitigates this issue by adapting prompts with fixed augmentations, which…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Yuqing Lei , Yingjun Du , Yawen Huang , Xiantong Zhen , Ling Shao

Vision-language object detectors (VLODs) such as YOLO-World and Grounding DINO exhibit strong zero-shot generalization, but their performance degrades under distribution shift. Test-time adaptation (TTA) offers a practical way to adapt…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Atif Belal , Heitor R. Medeiros , Marco Pedersoli , Eric Granger

Encountering shifted data at test time is a ubiquitous challenge when deploying predictive models. Test-time adaptation (TTA) methods address this issue by continuously adapting a deployed model using only unlabeled test data. While TTA can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Mona Schirmer , Metod Jazbec , Christian A. Naesseth , Eric Nalisnick

Test-time adaptation (TTA) seeks to tackle potential distribution shifts between training and testing data by adapting a given model w.r.t. any testing sample. This task is particularly important for deep models when the test environment…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-01 Shuaicheng Niu , Jiaxiang Wu , Yifan Zhang , Yaofo Chen , Shijian Zheng , Peilin Zhao , Mingkui Tan

Large-scale pretrained vision-language models like CLIP have demonstrated remarkable zero-shot image classification capabilities across diverse domains. To enhance CLIP's performance while preserving the zero-shot paradigm, various…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Xuefeng Hu , Ke Zhang , Min Sun , Albert Chen , Cheng-Hao Kuo , Ram Nevatia

Although open-vocabulary classification models like Contrastive Language Image Pretraining (CLIP) have demonstrated strong zero-shot learning capabilities, their robustness to common image corruptions remains poorly understood. Through…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Sarthak Kumar Maharana , Baoming Zhang , Leonid Karlinsky , Rogerio Feris , Yunhui Guo

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) demonstrate impressive zero-shot generalization through large-scale image-text pretraining, yet their performance can drop once the deployment distribution diverges from the training distribution. To address…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Xiaozhen Qiao , Jingkai Zhao , Yuqiu Jiang , Xianda Guo , Zhe Sun , Hongyuan Zhang , Xuelong Li

Test-time adaptation (TTA) of Vision-Language Models (VLMs) has emerged as a technique for tackling distribution shifts during the test time. Recent research indicates that the test-time adaptation is intrinsically linked to the model's…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Aodi Li , Liansheng Zhuang , Xiao Long , Houqiang Li , Shafei Wang

Multi-modal test-time adaptation (MM-TTA) adapts models to an unlabeled target domain by leveraging the complementary multi-modal inputs in an online manner. While previous MM-TTA methods for 3D segmentation offer a promising solution by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Haozhi Cao , Yuecong Xu , Pengyu Yin , Xingyu Ji , Shenghai Yuan , Jianfei Yang , Lihua Xie

Deep neural networks have achieved remarkable success in a variety of computer vision applications. However, there is a problem of degrading accuracy when the data distribution shifts between training and testing. As a solution of this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-27 Shohei Enomoto , Naoya Hasegawa , Kazuki Adachi , Taku Sasaki , Shin'ya Yamaguchi , Satoshi Suzuki , Takeharu Eda

Continual Test-Time Adaptation (CTTA) enables pre-trained models to adapt to continuously evolving domains. Existing methods have improved robustness but typically rely on fixed or batch-level thresholds, which cannot account for varying…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Seunghwan Lee , Inyoung Jung , Hojoon Lee , Eunil Park , Sungeun Hong

Video editing is a critical component of content creation that transforms raw footage into coherent works aligned with specific visual and narrative objectives. Existing approaches face two major challenges: temporal inconsistencies due to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Jianhui Wang , Yinda Chen , Yangfan He , Xinyuan Song , Yi Xin , Dapeng Zhang , Zhongwei Wan , Bin Li , Rongchao Zhang

Test-time alignment (TTA) aims to adapt models to specific rewards during inference. However, existing methods tend to either under-optimise or over-optimise (reward hack) the target reward function. We propose Null-Text Test-Time Alignment…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Taehoon Kim , Henry Gouk , Timothy Hospedales

Pre-trained vision-language models such as contrastive language-image pre-training (CLIP) have demonstrated a remarkable generalizability, which has enabled a wide range of applications represented by zero-shot classification. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Kazuki Adachi , Shin'ya Yamaguchi , Tomoki Hamagami

Test-time adaptation (TTA) aims to boost the generalization capability of a trained model by conducting self-/unsupervised learning during the testing phase. While most existing TTA methods for video primarily utilize visual supervisory…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Runhao Zeng , Qi Deng , Ronghao Zhang , Shuaicheng Niu , Jian Chen , Xiping Hu , Victor C. M. Leung

Test-time adaptation (TTA) is a technique used to reduce distribution gaps between the training and testing sets by leveraging unlabeled test data during inference. In this work, we expand TTA to a more practical scenario, where the test…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-06 Chenyan Wu , Yimu Pan , Yandong Li , James Z. Wang

Test-time adaptation (TTA) aims to transfer knowledge from a source model to unknown test data with potential distribution shifts in an online manner. Many existing TTA methods rely on entropy as a confidence metric to optimize the model.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Chang'an Yi , Xiaohui Deng , Shuaicheng Niu , Yan Zhou

The zero-shot capabilities of Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have been widely leveraged to improve predictive performance. However, previous works on transductive or test-time adaptation (TTA) often make strong assumptions about the data…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Maxime Zanella , Clément Fuchs , Christophe De Vleeschouwer , Ismail Ben Ayed