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Practical guidance on training Large Language Models (LLMs) to leverage Code Interpreter across diverse tasks remains lacking. We present R1-Code-Interpreter, an extension of a text-only LLM trained via multi-turn supervised fine-tuning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Yongchao Chen , Yueying Liu , Junwei Zhou , Yilun Hao , Jingquan Wang , Yang Zhang , Na Li , Chuchu Fan

The increasing popularity of large language models (LLMs) has paved the way for their application in diverse domains. This paper proposes a benchmarking framework tailored specifically for evaluating LLM performance in the context of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Mingjie Liu , Nathaniel Pinckney , Brucek Khailany , Haoxing Ren

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown outstanding breakthroughs in code generation. Recent work improves code LLMs by training on synthetic data generated by some powerful LLMs, which can be challenging to scale due to the dependence on a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Yunfan Shao , Linyang Li , Yichuan Ma , Peiji Li , Demin Song , Qinyuan Cheng , Shimin Li , Xiaonan Li , Pengyu Wang , Qipeng Guo , Hang Yan , Xipeng Qiu , Xuanjing Huang , Dahua Lin

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) is a promising approach for improving code generation in large language models, but its effectiveness is limited by weak and static verification signals in existing coding RL datasets.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Chi Ruan , Dongfu Jiang , Huaye Zeng , Ping Nie , Wenhu Chen

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used in software development, yet their tendency to generate insecure code remains a major barrier to real-world deployment. Existing secure code alignment methods often suffer from a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Tianyi Wu , Mingzhe Du , Yue Liu , Chengran Yang , Terry Yue Zhuo , Jiaheng Zhang , See-Kiong Ng

Code generation with large language models (LLMs), often termed vibe coding, is increasingly adopted in production but fails to ensure code quality, particularly in security (e.g., SQL injection vulnerabilities) and maintainability (e.g.,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Feng Yao , Zilong Wang , Liyuan Liu , Junxia Cui , Li Zhong , Xiaohan Fu , Haohui Mai , Vish Krishnan , Jianfeng Gao , Jingbo Shang

The advent of large language models trained on code (code LLMs) has led to significant progress in language-to-code generation. State-of-the-art approaches in this area combine LLM decoding with sample pruning and reranking using test cases…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-04 Ansong Ni , Srini Iyer , Dragomir Radev , Ves Stoyanov , Wen-tau Yih , Sida I. Wang , Xi Victoria Lin

Large Language Models (LLMs) are one of the most promising developments in the field of artificial intelligence, and the software engineering community has readily noticed their potential role in the software development life-cycle.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Greta Dolcetti , Vincenzo Arceri , Eleonora Iotti , Sergio Maffeis , Agostino Cortesi , Enea Zaffanella

Software testing ensures the quality and reliability of software products, but manual test case creation is labor-intensive. With the rise of large language models (LLMs), there is growing interest in unit test creation with LLMs. However,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Hung-Fu Chang , Mohammad Shokrolah Shirazi

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated in software development, but ensuring correctness in LLM-generated code remains challenging and often requires costly manual review. Verifiable code generation -- jointly generating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Zhe Ye , Zhengxu Yan , Jingxuan He , Timothe Kasriel , Kaiyu Yang , Dawn Song

Large language models (LLMs) increasingly rely on reinforcement learning (RL) to enhance their reasoning capabilities through feedback. A critical challenge is verifying the consistency of model-generated responses and reference answers,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Xuzhao Li , Xuchen Li , Shiyu Hu , Yongzhen Guo , Wentao Zhang

Large language models have achieved remarkable success on final-answer mathematical problems, largely due to the ease of applying reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards. However, the reasoning underlying these solutions is often…

Recent development of large language models (LLMs) for code like CodeX and CodeT5+ demonstrates tremendous promise in achieving code intelligence. Their ability of synthesizing code that completes a program for performing a pre-defined task…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Weimin Xiong , Yiwen Guo , Hao Chen

Code generation is one of the tasks for which the use of Large Language Models is widely adopted and highly successful. Given this popularity, there are many benchmarks dedicated to code generation that can help select the best model.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Joanna Szych , Anne Schwerk

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong capabilities in code generation, yet they remain prone to producing security vulnerabilities. Existing approaches commonly suffer from two key limitations: the scarcity of high-quality…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Jiazheng Quan , Xiaodong Li , Bin Wang , Guo An , Like Liu , Degen Huang , Lin Liu , Chengbin Hou

Reinforcement Learning from Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has driven recent progress in code large language models by leveraging execution-based feedback from unit tests, but its scalability is fundamentally constrained by the availability and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Xiao Zhu , Xinyu Zhou , Boyu Zhu , Hanxu Hu , Mingzhe Du , Haotian Zhang , Huiming Wang , Zhijiang Guo

Code vulnerability detection is crucial for ensuring the security and reliability of modern software systems. Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promising capabilities in this domain. However, notable discrepancies in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Zhihong Sun , Jia Li , Yao Wan , Chuanyi Li , Hongyu Zhang , Zhi jin , Ge Li , Hong Liu , Chen Lyu , Songlin Hu

Advancing code reasoning in large language models (LLMs) is fundamentally limited by the scarcity of high-difficulty datasets, especially those with verifiable input-output test cases necessary for rigorous solution validation at scale. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Yifei Liu , Li Lyna Zhang , Yi Zhu , Bingcheng Dong , Xudong Zhou , Ning Shang , Fan Yang , Mao Yang

Large language models (LLMs) are widely used in software development. However, the code generated by LLMs often contains vulnerabilities. Several secure code generation methods have been proposed to address this issue, but their current…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Shih-Chieh Dai , Jun Xu , Guanhong Tao

The evaluation of Large Language Models (LLMs) for code generation relies heavily on the quality and robustness of test cases. However, existing benchmarks often lack coverage for subtle corner cases, allowing incorrect solutions to pass.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Jingwei Shi , Xinxiang Yin , Jing Huang , Jinman Zhao , Shengyu Tao