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Active learning (AL) is a subfield of machine learning (ML) in which a learning algorithm could achieve good accuracy with less training samples by interactively querying a user/oracle to label new data points. Pool-based AL is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-19 Xueying Zhan , Antoni Bert Chan

In recent years, enterprises have been targeted by advanced adversaries who leverage creative ways to infiltrate their systems and move laterally to gain access to critical data. One increasingly common evasive method is to hide the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-12-01 Talha Ongun , Jack W. Stokes , Jonathan Bar Or , Ke Tian , Farid Tajaddodianfar , Joshua Neil , Christian Seifert , Alina Oprea , John C. Platt

Common acquisition functions for active learning use either uncertainty or diversity sampling, aiming to select difficult and diverse data points from the pool of unlabeled data, respectively. In this work, leveraging the best of both…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-09 Katerina Margatina , Giorgos Vernikos , Loïc Barrault , Nikolaos Aletras

In the era of data-driven intelligence, the paradox of data abundance and annotation scarcity has emerged as a critical bottleneck in the advancement of machine learning. This paper gives a detailed overview of Active Learning (AL), which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Chiung-Yi Tseng , Junhao Song , Ziqian Bi , Tianyang Wang , Chia Xin Liang , Xinyuan Song , Ming Liu

Active Learning (AL) is increasingly important in a broad range of applications. Two main AL principles to obtain accurate classification with few labeled data are refinement of the current decision boundary and exploration of poorly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-10-19 Jens Roeder , Boaz Nadler , Kevin Kunzmann , Fred A. Hamprecht

Active learning (AL) is a machine learning algorithm that can achieve greater accuracy with fewer labeled training instances, for having the ability to ask oracles to label the most valuable unlabeled data chosen iteratively and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-30 Ruoyu Wang

Backdoor data detection is traditionally studied in an end-to-end supervised learning (SL) setting. However, recent years have seen the proliferating adoption of self-supervised learning (SSL) and transfer learning (TL), due to their lesser…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Minzhou Pan , Yi Zeng , Lingjuan Lyu , Xue Lin , Ruoxi Jia

Efficient data annotation remains a critical challenge in machine learning, particularly for object detection tasks requiring extensive labeled data. Active learning (AL) has emerged as a promising solution to minimize annotation costs by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Somraj Gautam , Nachiketa Purohit , Gaurav Harit

The Deep Learning revolution has enabled groundbreaking achievements in recent years. From breast cancer detection to protein folding, deep learning algorithms have been at the core of very important advancements. However, these modern…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-01 Bonaventure F. P. Dossou

Poisoning backdoor attacks involve an adversary manipulating the training data to induce certain behaviors in the victim model by inserting a trigger in the signal at inference time. We adapted clean label backdoor (CLBD)-data poisoning…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-16 Henry Li Xinyuan , Sonal Joshi , Thomas Thebaud , Jesus Villalba , Najim Dehak , Sanjeev Khudanpur

Active learning is a promising paradigm to reduce the labeling cost by strategically requesting labels to improve model performance. However, existing active learning methods often rely on expensive acquisition function to compute,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Zixin Ding , Si Chen , Ruoxi Jia , Yuxin Chen

Active Learning (AL) addresses the crucial challenge of enabling machines to efficiently gather labeled examples through strategic queries. Among the many AL strategies, Uncertainty Sampling (US) stands out as one of the most widely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Po-Yi Lu , Yi-Jie Cheng , Chun-Liang Li , Hsuan-Tien Lin

Active learning (AL) techniques optimally utilize a labeling budget by iteratively selecting instances that are most valuable for learning. However, they lack ``prerequisite checks'', i.e., there are no prescribed criteria to pick an AL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Abhishek Ghose , Emma Thuong Nguyen

Active learning (AL) is a promising ML paradigm that has the potential to parse through large unlabeled data and help reduce annotation cost in domains where labeling data can be prohibitive. Recently proposed neural network based AL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-17 Prateek Munjal , Nasir Hayat , Munawar Hayat , Jamshid Sourati , Shadab Khan

Active learning (AL) aims at reducing labeling effort by identifying the most valuable unlabeled data points from a large pool. Traditional AL frameworks have two limitations: First, they perform data selection in a multi-round manner,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-09 Si Chen , Tianhao Wang , Ruoxi Jia

Active Learning (AL) is an active domain of research, but is seldom used in the industry despite the pressing needs. This is in part due to a misalignment of objectives, while research strives at getting the best results on selected…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-22 Alexandre Abraham , Léo Dreyfus-Schmidt

While deep learning (DL) is data-hungry and usually relies on extensive labeled data to deliver good performance, Active Learning (AL) reduces labeling costs by selecting a small proportion of samples from unlabeled data for labeling and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-20 Xueying Zhan , Qingzhong Wang , Kuan-hao Huang , Haoyi Xiong , Dejing Dou , Antoni B. Chan

Active learning aims to alleviate the amount of labor involved in data labeling by automating the selection of unlabeled samples via an acquisition function. For example, variational adversarial active learning (VAAL) leverages an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-26 Zongyao Lyu , William J. Beksi

Active Learning (AL) has garnered significant interest across various application domains where labeling training data is costly. AL provides a framework that helps practitioners query informative samples for annotation by oracles…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Pouya Ahadi , Blair Winograd , Camille Zaug , Karunesh Arora , Lijun Wang , Kamran Paynabar

Machine learning has been applied to a broad range of applications and some of them are available online as application programming interfaces (APIs) with either free (trial) or paid subscriptions. In this paper, we study adversarial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-06 Yi Shi , Yalin E. Sagduyu , Kemal Davaslioglu , Jason H. Li