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Accurate quantum state readout is crucial for error correction and algorithms, but measurement errors are detrimental. Readout fidelity is typically limited by a poor signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and energy relaxation ($T_1$ decay), a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-28 Samuel Jung , Neel Vora , Akel Hashim , Yilun Xu , Gang Huang

Quantum tomography is currently ubiquitous for testing any implementation of a quantum information processing device. Various sophisticated procedures for state and process reconstruction from measured data are well developed and benefit…

The impressive pace of advance of quantum technology calls for robust and scalable techniques for the characterization and validation of quantum hardware. Quantum process tomography, the reconstruction of an unknown quantum channel from…

Error models for quantum computing processors describe their deviation from ideal behavior and predict the consequences in applications. But those processors' experimental behavior -- the observed outcome statistics of quantum circuits --…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-12-23 Robin Blume-Kohout , Kenneth Rudinger , Erik Nielsen , Timothy Proctor , Kevin Young

Mitigating errors in quantum information processing devices is especially important in the absence of fault tolerance. An effective method in suppressing state-preparation errors is using multiple copies to distill the ideal component from…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-26 Alireza Seif , Ze-Pei Cian , Sisi Zhou , Senrui Chen , Liang Jiang

Quantum computers have shown promise in improving algorithms in a variety of fields. The realization of these advancements is limited by the presence of noise and high error rates, which become prominent especially with increasing system…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-05 Melody Lee

Characterizing quantum states is essential for validating quantum devices, yet conventional quantum state tomography becomes prohibitively expensive as system size grows. Direct tomography offers a distinct route by enabling selective…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-07 Jaekwon Chang , Guedong Park , Hyunseok Jeong , Yong Siah Teo , Yosep Kim

Quantum state tomography (QST) is a crucial tool for characterizing quantum states. However, QST becomes impractical for reconstructing multi-qubit density matrices since data sets and computational costs grow exponentially with qubit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-02 Aniket Patel , Akshay Gaikwad , Tangyou Huang , Anton Frisk Kockum , Tahereh Abad

Measurement is an essential component of quantum algorithms, and for superconducting qubits it is often the most error prone. Here, we demonstrate model-based readout optimization achieving low measurement errors while avoiding detrimental…

We present a theoretical framework for state-adaptive quantum error correction that bridges the gap between quantum computing and error correction paradigms. By incorporating knowledge of quantum states into the error correction process, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-02 D. -S. Wang

While quantum state tomography (QST) remains the gold standard for benchmarking and verifying quantum devices, it requires an exponentially large number of measurements and classical computational resources for generic quantum many-body…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-19 Zhen Qin , Casey Jameson , Alireza Goldar , Michael B. Wakin , Zhexuan Gong , Zhihui Zhu

Characterizing quantum processes is essential for unlocking the potential of quantum devices. However, standard quantum process tomography is resource-intensive and becomes infeasible on large-scale systems. Despite alternative approaches…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-24 Hao Zhan , Zongbo Bao , Zekun Ye , Qianyi Wang , Minghao Mi , Penghui Yao , Lijian Zhang

Quantum gate set tomography (GST) has emerged as a promising method for the full characterization of quantum logic gates. In contrast to quantum process tomography (QPT), GST self-consistently and correctly accounts for state preparation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-09-11 Daniel Greenbaum

Variational algorithms may enable classically intractable simulations on near-future quantum computers. However, their potential is limited by hardware errors. It is therefore crucial to develop efficient ways to mitigate these errors.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-05-29 Sam McArdle , Xiao Yuan , Simon Benjamin

Quantum error mitigation, a data processing technique for recovering the statistics of target processes from their noisy version, is a crucial task for near-term quantum technologies. Most existing methods require prior knowledge of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-04 Manwen Liao , Yan Zhu , Giulio Chiribella , Yuxiang Yang

Quantum process tomography (QPT) plays a central role in characterizing quantum gates and circuits, diagnosing quantum devices, calibrating hardware, and supporting quantum error correction. However, conventional QPT methods face challenges…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-06 Huynh Le Dan Linh , Vu Tuan Hai , Le Bin Ho

Model quantization is known as a promising method to compress deep neural networks, especially for inferences on lightweight mobile or edge devices. However, model quantization usually requires access to the original training data to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-05 Kanghyun Choi , Deokki Hong , Noseong Park , Youngsok Kim , Jinho Lee

Quantum state tomography is a fundamental task in quantum information science, enabling detailed characterization of correlations, entanglement, and electronic structure in quantum systems. However, its exponential measurement and…

Quantum device characterization via state tomography plays an important role in both validating quantum hardware and processing quantum information, but it needs the exponential number of the measurements. For the systems with XX+YY-type…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-18 Tao Xin

We demonstrate the implementation of a novel machine learning framework for probability density estimation and classification using quantum circuits. The framework maps a training data set or a single data sample to the quantum state of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-28 Vladimir Vargas-Calderón , Fabio A. González , Herbert Vinck-Posada