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Recent studies have proposed leveraging Large Language Models (LLMs) as information retrievers through query rewriting. However, for challenging corpora, we argue that enhancing queries alone is insufficient for robust semantic matching;…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Jingming Liu , Yumeng Li , Wei Shi , Yao-Xiang Ding , Hui Su , Kun Zhou

Contextual speech recognition refers to the ability to identify preferences for specific content based on contextual information. Recently, leveraging the contextual understanding capabilities of Speech LLM to achieve contextual biasing by…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-13 Yangui Fang , Jing Peng , Yu Xi , Xu Li , Haoyu Li , Chengwei Zhang , Guohui Zhong , Kai Yu

Providing Language Models (LMs) with relevant evidence in the context (either via retrieval or user-provided) can significantly improve their ability to provide better-grounded responses. However, recent studies have found that LMs often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Zhining Liu , Rana Ali Amjad , Ravinarayana Adkathimar , Tianxin Wei , Hanghang Tong

The context window of large language models (LLMs) has been extended significantly in recent years. However, while the context length that the LLM can process has grown, the capability of the model to accurately reason over that context…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Huayang Li , Pat Verga , Priyanka Sen , Bowen Yang , Vijay Viswanathan , Patrick Lewis , Taro Watanabe , Yixuan Su

Long-context language models (LCLMs) have the potential to revolutionize our approach to tasks traditionally reliant on external tools like retrieval systems or databases. Leveraging LCLMs' ability to natively ingest and process entire…

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) frameworks enable large language models (LLMs) to retrieve relevant information from a knowledge base and incorporate it into the context for generating responses. This mitigates hallucinations and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Pouria Rouzrokh , Shahriar Faghani , Cooper U. Gamble , Moein Shariatnia , Bradley J. Erickson

The integration of large language models (LLMs) into recommendation systems has revealed promising potential through their capacity to extract world knowledge for enhanced reasoning capabilities. However, current methodologies that adopt…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Lingyu Mu , Hao Deng , Haibo Xing , Kaican Lin , Zhitong Zhu , Yu Zhang , Xiaoyi Zeng , Zhengxiao Liu , Zheng Lin , Jinxin Hu

Radiology Report Generation (RRG) aims to produce accurate and coherent diagnostics from medical images. Although large vision language models (LVLM) improve report fluency and accuracy, they exhibit hallucinations, generating plausible yet…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Ruixiao Yang , Yuanhe Tian , Xu Yang , Huiqi Li , Yan Song

Several recent efforts have been devoted to enhancing pre-trained language models (PLMs) by utilizing extra heterogeneous knowledge in knowledge graphs (KGs) and achieved consistent improvements on various knowledge-driven NLP tasks.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-06 Yusheng Su , Xu Han , Zhengyan Zhang , Peng Li , Zhiyuan Liu , Yankai Lin , Jie Zhou , Maosong Sun

We present an empirical study of groundedness in long-form question answering (LFQA) by retrieval-augmented large language models (LLMs). In particular, we evaluate whether every generated sentence is grounded in the retrieved documents or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-11 Alessandro Stolfo

Controlled text generation allows for enforcing user-defined constraints on large language model outputs, an increasingly important field as LLMs become more prevalent in everyday life. One common approach uses energy-based decoding, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Patrick Pynadath , Ruqi Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit outstanding performance in machine translation via in-context learning. In contrast to sentence-level translation, document-level translation (DOCMT) by LLMs based on in-context learning faces two major…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Menglong Cui , Jiangcun Du , Shaolin Zhu , Deyi Xiong

With the emerging branch of incorporating factual knowledge into pre-trained language models such as BERT, most existing models consider shallow, static, and separately pre-trained entity embeddings, which limits the performance gains of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-02 Tianxiang Sun , Yunfan Shao , Xipeng Qiu , Qipeng Guo , Yaru Hu , Xuanjing Huang , Zheng Zhang

While auxiliary information has become a key to enhancing Large Language Models (LLMs), relatively little is known about how LLMs merge these contexts, specifically contexts generated by LLMs and those retrieved from external sources. To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Hexiang Tan , Fei Sun , Wanli Yang , Yuanzhuo Wang , Qi Cao , Xueqi Cheng

Though current long-context large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capacities in answering user questions based on extensive text, the lack of citations in their responses makes user verification difficult, leading to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-11 Jiajie Zhang , Yushi Bai , Xin Lv , Wanjun Gu , Danqing Liu , Minhao Zou , Shulin Cao , Lei Hou , Yuxiao Dong , Ling Feng , Juanzi Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) are adept at generating responses based on information within their context. While this ability is useful for interacting with structured data like code files, another popular method, Retrieval-Augmented…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Mihir Gupte , Paolo Giusto , Ramesh S

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate significant capabilities in processing natural language data, promising efficient knowledge extraction from diverse textual sources to enhance situational awareness and support decision-making.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Fatemeh Shiri , Van Nguyen , Farhad Moghimifar , John Yoo , Gholamreza Haffari , Yuan-Fang Li

Large language models (LLMs) can generate fluent natural language texts when given relevant documents as background context. This ability has attracted considerable interest in developing industry applications of LLMs. However, LLMs are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Deren Lei , Yaxi Li , Mengya Hu , Mingyu Wang , Vincent Yun , Emily Ching , Eslam Kamal

Large Language Models (LLMs) have garnered widespread attention due to their remarkable performance across various tasks. However, to mitigate the issue of hallucinations, LLMs often incorporate retrieval-augmented pipeline to provide them…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-29 Haowen Hou , Fei Ma , Binwen Bai , Xinxin Zhu , Fei Yu

Retrieval augmented generation (RAG) with large language models (LLMs) for Question Answering (QA) entails furnishing relevant context within the prompt to facilitate the LLM in answer generation. During the generation, inaccuracies or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Barah Fazili , Koustava Goswami , Natwar Modani , Inderjeet Nair
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