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Large language models (LLMs) bring unprecedented flexibility in defining and executing complex, creative natural language generation (NLG) tasks. Yet, this flexibility brings new challenges, as it introduces new degrees of freedom in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Furkan Şahinuç , Ilia Kuznetsov , Yufang Hou , Iryna Gurevych

Researchers have argued that large language models (LLMs) exhibit high-quality writing capabilities from blogs to stories. However, evaluating objectively the creativity of a piece of writing is challenging. Inspired by the Torrance Test of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-11 Tuhin Chakrabarty , Philippe Laban , Divyansh Agarwal , Smaranda Muresan , Chien-Sheng Wu

In commonsense generation, given a set of input concepts, a model must generate a response that is not only commonsense bearing, but also capturing multiple diverse viewpoints. Numerous evaluation metrics based on form- and content-level…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Tianhui Zhang , Bei Peng , Danushka Bollegala

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly shaping creative work and problem-solving; however, prior research suggests that they may diminish unassisted creativity. To address this tension, a coach-like LLM environment was developed that…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Alon Rosenbaum , Yigal David , Eran Kaufman , Gilad Ravid , Amit Ronen , Assaf Krebs

As artificial intelligence advances, models are not improving uniformly. Instead, progress unfolds in a jagged fashion, with capabilities growing unevenly across tasks, domains, and model scales. In this work, we examine this dynamic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Shray Mathur , J. Anibal Boscoboinik , Esther H. R. Tsai , Kevin G. Yager

Evaluating creativity is challenging, even for humans, not only because of its subjectivity but also because it involves complex cognitive processes. Inspired by work in marketing, we attempt to break down visual advertisement creativity…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Zhaoyi Joey Hou , Adriana Kovashka , Xiang Lorraine Li

Creativity is a complex phenomenon. When it comes to representing and assessing creativity, treating it as a single undifferentiated quantity would appear naive and underwhelming. In this work, we learn the \emph{first type-specific…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Jiyeon Han , Ali Mahdavi-Amiri , Hao Zhang , Haedong Jeong

Measuring the creativity of large language models (LLMs) is essential for designing methods that can improve creativity and for enhancing our scientific understanding of this ability. To accomplish this, it has become common in recent years…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Samuel Schapiro , Alexi Gladstone , Jonah Black , Heng Ji

Large Language Models (LLMs) have proved effective and efficient in generating code, leading to their utilization within the hardware design process. Prior works evaluating LLMs' abilities for register transfer level code generation solely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Matthew DeLorenzo , Vasudev Gohil , Jeyavijayan Rajendran

Prompt sensitivity, referring to the phenomenon where paraphrasing (i.e., repeating something written or spoken using different words) leads to significant changes in large language model (LLM) performance, has been widely accepted as a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Andong Hua , Kenan Tang , Chenhe Gu , Jindong Gu , Eric Wong , Yao Qin

Critiques are important for enhancing the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs), enabling both self-improvement and constructive feedback for others by identifying flaws and suggesting improvements. However, evaluating the critique…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-27 Zhengyang Tang , Ziniu Li , Zhenyang Xiao , Tian Ding , Ruoyu Sun , Benyou Wang , Dayiheng Liu , Fei Huang , Tianyu Liu , Bowen Yu , Junyang Lin

Large language model (LLM)-driven multi-agent systems (MAS) are transforming how humans and AIs collaboratively generate ideas and artifacts. While existing surveys provide comprehensive overviews of MAS infrastructures, they largely…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Yi-Cheng Lin , Kang-Chieh Chen , Zhe-Yan Li , Tzu-Heng Wu , Tzu-Hsuan Wu , Kuan-Yu Chen , Hung-yi Lee , Yun-Nung Chen

Creativity is the ability to produce novel, useful, and surprising ideas, and has been widely studied as a crucial aspect of human cognition. Machine creativity on the other hand has been a long-standing challenge. With the rise of advanced…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Mete Ismayilzada , Debjit Paul , Antoine Bosselut , Lonneke van der Plas

Creativity of generative AI models has been a subject of scientific debate in the last years, without a conclusive answer. In this paper, we study creativity from a practical perspective and introduce quantitative measures that help the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Aditi Ramaswamy , Hana Chockler , Melane Navaratnarajah

Following the widespread adoption of ChatGPT in early 2023, numerous studies reported that large language models (LLMs) can match or even surpass human performance in creative tasks. However, it remains unclear whether LLMs have become more…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Jennifer Haase , Paul H. P. Hanel , Sebastian Pokutta

N-gram novelty is widely used to evaluate language models' ability to generate text outside of their training data. More recently, it has also been adopted as a metric for measuring textual creativity. However, theoretical work on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Arkadiy Saakyan , Najoung Kim , Smaranda Muresan , Tuhin Chakrabarty

Creative thinking is a fundamental aspect of human cognition, and divergent thinking-the capacity to generate novel and varied ideas-is widely regarded as its core generative engine. Large language models (LLMs) have recently demonstrated…

Accuracy remains a standard metric for evaluating AI systems, but it offers limited insight into how models arrive at their solutions. In this work, we introduce a benchmark based on brainteasers written in long narrative form to probe more…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Simeng Han , Howard Dai , Stephen Xia , Grant Zhang , Chen Liu , Lichang Chen , Hoang Huy Nguyen , Hongyuan Mei , Jiayuan Mao , R. Thomas McCoy

Molecule generation requires satisfying multiple chemical and biological constraints while searching a large and structured chemical space. This makes it a non-binary problem, where effective models must identify non-obvious solutions under…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Wen Tao , Yiwei Wang , Peng Zhou , Bryan Hooi , Wanlong Fang , Tianle Zhang , Xiao Luo , Yuansheng Liu , Alvin Chan

Convergent thought is defined and measured in terms of the ability to perform on tasks where there is a single correct solution, and divergent thought is defined and measured in terms of the ability to generate multiple different solutions.…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2019-07-09 Liane Gabora